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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | ○ | Article | Thermal-assisted photo-annealed TiO2 thin films for perovskite solar cells fabricated under ambient air | We report herein a facile process for the fabrication of amorphous TiO2 thin films under ambient atmosphere using thermal-assisted UV-annealing (similar to 125 degrees C). The TiO2 films were prepared via spin-coating titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) precursor and sequential photo-annealing at various temperatures. Additional soft annealing during the UV-annealing altered the surface chemical states and electrical band structures of the amorphous TiO2 films. The UV-annealing at room temperature leads to a higher conduction band minimum level of the film and a smaller amount of hydroxyl group at the film surface, compared to the thermal-assisted (100-250 degrees C) UV-annealing or the thermal-only annealing (500 degrees C). Effects of the temperature during the UV-annealing process on photovoltaic properties were investigated by fabricating planar heterojunction perovskite cells with methylammonium lead triiodide under ambient atmosphere. At higher temperature of 100-150 degrees C, compared to room temperature, fill factor and power conversion efficiency were enhanced, and hysteresis in current-voltage curves were reduced. Impedance analysis demonstrates that the capacitance is significantly reduced, leading to suppressed hysteresis of the perovskite solar cells. Finally, we achieved a power-conversion efficiency of 20.36% (for the reverse scan) and a stabilized power output of 18.57% from a 125 degrees C -photo-annealed TiO2-based device. | Lee, Minho; Park, Ik Jae; Jeong, Heesu; Kim, Byeong Jo; Yun, Yeonghun; Kim, Hae Jin; Cho, Hanbyeol; Lee, Sangwook | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Adv Mat RIAM, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem, Angstrom Lab, Phys Chem, Box 523, Uppsala, Sweden | ; Kim, Byeong/M-4110-2014; Lee, Sangwook/O-9166-2015; Yun, Yeonghun/KRP-9208-2024 | 57191730119; 36794339800; 57194265300; 56035375300; 57202548363; 59863619600; 57215041777; 57203597324 | wook2@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE | APPL SURF SCI | 0169-4332 | 1873-5584 | 530 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 6.707 | 2.4 | 0.37 | 2025-06-25 | 5 | 6 | Photo-annealing; Amorphous TiO2; Band structure; Perovskite solar cells | ELECTRON-TRANSPORT LAYER; LOW-TEMPERATURE; EFFICIENT; HYSTERESIS; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; NB2O5; OZONE; SNO2 | Amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub>; Band structure; Perovskite solar cells; Photo-annealing | Annealing; Atmospheric temperature; Capacitance; Conversion efficiency; Current voltage characteristics; Efficiency; Fabrication; Heterojunctions; Hysteresis; Lead compounds; Perovskite; Photovoltaic effects; Thin film solar cells; Thin films; Titanium dioxide; Ambient atmosphere; Annealing process; Conduction-band minimum; Current voltage curve; Impedance analysis; Photovoltaic property; Power conversion efficiencies; Surface chemical state; Perovskite solar cells | English | 2020 | 2020-11-15 | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147221 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Triple VTe2/graphene/VTe2 heterostructures as perspective magnetic tunnel junctions | New perspective 1.4 nm thick spin-polarized triple heterostructures based on graphene sandwiched between two vanadium ditelluride monolayers (VTe2/graphene/VTe2) were studied using ab initio DFT technique. Both possible trigonal prismatic (H-VTe2) and octahedral (T-VTe2) VTe2 phases were considered to design and study graphene-based heterostructures. It was shown that the interaction with graphene changes the electronic structure of 2D T-VTe2 from metallic to half-metallic, making T phase perspective to be used for magnetic tunnel junctions. The electronic subsystem of graphene fragment is slightly hole doped. Calculated tunnel magne-toresistance ratio for the favorable heterostructure configuration estimated within the Julliere model is 220%, which opens a way to use VTe2/graphene/VTe2 as prospective magnetic tunnel junction in novel spintronic nanodevices based on tunnel magnetic resistance and spin transfer torque effects. | Begunovich, Lyudmila, V; Kuklin, Artem, V; Visotin, Maxim A.; Kuzubov, Alexander A.; Tomilin, Felix N.; Tarasov, Anton S.; Mikhalev, Yuri G.; Avramov, Pavel, V | Siberian Fed Univ, 79 Svobodny Av, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia; Royal Inst Technol, Sch Engn Sci Chem Biotechnol & Hlth, Dept Theoret Chem & Biol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Kirensky Inst Phys SB RAS, 50-38 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Tomilin, Felix/F-3763-2014; Kuklin, Artem/A-9007-2014; Begunovich, Lyudmila Vitalevna/E-4783-2019; Tarasov, Anton/P-3734-2015; Begunovich, Lyudmila/E-4783-2019 | 57214101983; 56035188600; 56120434000; 6701337613; 6602246772; 55417660400; 7003544657; 7004322420 | lyuda.illuzia@gmail.com; | APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE | APPL SURF SCI | 0169-4332 | 1873-5584 | 510 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 6.707 | 2.4 | 1.24 | 2025-06-25 | 24 | 21 | Magnetic tunnel junction; Vanadium ditelluride monolayer; Transition metal dichalcogenides; Graphene; Density functional theory | TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; SPIN; LAYER; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRONICS; NANOSHEETS; GRAPHENE; DEVICES; STRAIN; MEMORY | Density functional theory; Graphene; Magnetic tunnel junction; Transition metal dichalcogenides; Vanadium ditelluride monolayer | Density functional theory; Design for testability; Electronic structure; Graphene; Magnetic devices; Monolayers; Tellurium compounds; Transition metals; Tunnelling magnetoresistance; Vanadium compounds; Ditelluride; Electronic subsystems; Magnetic tunnel junction; Spin transfer torque; Spintronic nanodevices; Transition metal dichalcogenides; Triple heterostructures; Tunnel magnetoresistance; Tunnel junctions | English | 2020 | 2020-04-30 | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145315 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | Article | Unveiling morphology altered photoactivity of microspherical carbon nitride scaffolds | Rapid charge-carrier recombination and low surface area barriers of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst are mitigated by morphological alteration approach. To expose excess active surface area, and enhance the lifetime of photo-excitons, two-dimensional g-C3N4 sheets are moulded into three-dimensional microspherical assemblies via solvothermal assisted synthesis. Furthermore, urea coating of g-C3N4 microspheres followed by thermal polycondensation generated uniform surface pores and exposed large surface-active sites. Compared to bulk g-C3N4, and spherical g-C3N4, the morphology tuned porous g-C3N4 microspheres exhibited significantly higher photoactivity in dye degradation, and N-2 photo-fixation reaction. The advancement in photoactivity of porous g-C3N4 microspherical photocatalysts is ascribed to multiple surface-active sites and improved photoexcited electron lifetime. The structure-property relationship of catalyst, and a possible mechanism for enhanced photoactivity are discussed in detail. The present work may set the foundation to emphasize and understand the morphology dependent photophysical properties. | Vidyasagar, Devthade; Kumari, Vinita; Bhoyar, Toshali; Umare, Suresh S. | Visvesvaraya Natl Inst Technol VNIT, Mat & Catalysis Lab, Dept Chem, South Ambazari Rd, Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu, South Korea | Bhoyar, Toshali/AAW-5211-2020; UMARE, SURESH/O-3982-2015; Vidyasagar, Devthade/O-3930-2015 | ssumare@chm.vnit.ac.in; | APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE | APPL SURF SCI | 0169-4332 | 1873-5584 | 526 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS;PHYSICS, APPLIED;PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | 2020 | 6.707 | 2.4 | 9 | Carbon nitride; Microporous; Morphology; Microspheres; g-C3N4 | HYBRID PHOTOCATALYST; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; DEGRADATION; G-C3N4; WATER; NANOSHEETS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MODULATION; CATALYSIS; CO2 | English | 2020 | 2020-10-01 | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146661 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | A metal organic framework-ultrafiltration hybrid system for removing selected pharmaceuticals and natural organic matter | In this study, we combined metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with ultrafiltration (UF) hybrid systems (MOF-UF) to treat selected pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), including ibuprofen and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol, and natural organic matter (NOM) (humic acid and tannic acid; ratios of 10:0, 5:5, and 0:10). Due to the high tunable porosity of MOFs, these materials have strong potential for removing contaminants and reducing fouling in adsorbent-UF hybrid systems. The average retention rate of PhACs in MOF-UF (53.2%) was enhanced relative to the UF only (36.7%). The average retention rate of NOM in the MOF-UF (86.1%) was higher than that with UF only (75.7%). Also, the average normalized flux of NOM in the MOF-UF (0.79) was better than that with UF only (0.74). This is because the PhACs were effectively adsorbed on the MOF due to their strong porous characteristics. We compared MOF-UF and powdered activated carbon-UF (PAC-UF) systems in terms of retention rates and flux decline. The average retention rates for the MOF-UF were higher relative to PAC-UF, by 4.6% for PhACs and 6.9% for NOM. However, although the normalized flux in the MOF-UF was better than that in the PAC-UF, for both PhACs and NOM, severe flux decline for NOMs was seen for with the MOF-UF and PAC-UF. We evaluated the effects of NOM with respect to fouling by applying a resistance-in-series model and found that fouling was dominantly affected by the molecular sizes of the solutes in the solution. | Kim, Sewoon; Munoz-Senmache, Juan C.; Jun, Byung-Moon; Park, Chang Min; Jang, Am; Yu, Miao; Hernandez-Maldonado, Arturo J.; Yoon, Yeomin | Univ South Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 300 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem Engn, Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Civil & Architecture Engn, 2066 Seobu Ro,Jangan 16, Suwon 440746, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea; Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA | Park, Chang Min/CAA-8506-2022; Hernandez-Maldonado, Arturo/I-6288-2012; Jun, Byung-Moon/Y-2134-2019; Yoon, Yeomin/KDP-2253-2024 | 57201422323; 57207915316; 55326699900; 57209588953; 7004582729; 35410925300; 6601966346; 7402126688 | yoony@cec.sc.edu; | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | CHEM ENG J | 1385-8947 | 1873-3212 | 382 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | 2020 | 13.273 | 2.5 | 2.62 | 2025-06-25 | 51 | 59 | Ultrafiltration; Metal-organic frameworks; Pharmaceuticals; Natural organic matter; Fouling mechanism | ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; WATER-TREATMENT; TANNIC-ACID; HUMIC-ACID; EMERGING CONCERN; WASTE-WATER; MIL-100(FE); MEMBRANE; CONTAMINANTS | Fouling mechanism; Metal-organic frameworks; Natural organic matter; Pharmaceuticals; Ultrafiltration | Activated carbon; Biogeochemistry; Drug products; Fouling; Hybrid materials; Hybrid systems; Organic polymers; Organometallics; Ultrafiltration; Ethinyl estradiol; Fouling mechanisms; Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs); Natural organic matters; Pharmaceutically active compounds; Porous characteristics; Powdered activated carbon; Resistance-in-series model; Metal-Organic Frameworks | English | 2020 | 2020-02-15 | 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122920 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | A novel MXene-coated biocathode for enhanced microbial electrosynthesis performance | Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a promising bioelectrochemical technology for the simultaneous consumption of carbon dioxide/bicarbonate and generation of useful chemical products. However, low current densities and a narrow product range with an inadequate production rate are bottlenecks in current MES technologies. In response to this, cathode modification has been suggested as a strategy to improve MES performance. Titanium carbide (Ti3C2TX MXene), a recently discovered 2D material, has a multilayered structure, high surface area, and excellent conductivity, which are prerequisites for an excellent cathode material. In this study, a novel MXene-coated carbon felt electrode (MXene@CF) was fabricated and investigated for use in MES. The modified cathode material exhibited excellent current generation and volatile fatty acid production. The availability of more active sites and sufficient space for microbial growth enhanced the mass transfer between the microbes and the substrate, resulting in a 1.6-, 1.1-, and 1.7-fold increase in the concentration of acetic, butyric, and propionic acid, respectively, compared to uncoated carbon felt. Scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical, and microbial community analyses revealed that the MXene-coated cathode promoted the formation and enrichment of bio-film. Thus, these results demonstrate that MXene@CF is a promising cathode material for MES. | Tahir, Khurram; Miran, Waheed; Jang, Jiseon; Shahzad, Asif; Moztahida, Mokrema; Kim, Bolam; Lee, Dae Sung | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem Engn, Lahore Campus,1-5 KM Def Rd,Raiwind Rd, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Natl Inst Mat Sci, Int Ctr Mat Nanoarchitecton, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan; Korea Radioact Waste Agcy, R&D Inst Radioact Wastes, 174 Gajeong Ro, Daejeon 34129, South Korea | Tahir, Khurram/KFS-5321-2024; Miran, Waheed/G-6671-2016 | 57207114377; 57195984440; 56611137400; 57190382338; 57202904382; 57208922438; 55568524907 | daesung@knu.ac.kr; | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | CHEM ENG J | 1385-8947 | 1873-3212 | 381 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | 2020 | 13.273 | 2.5 | 3.12 | 2025-06-25 | 80 | 83 | Microbial electrosynthesis; Ti3C2TX MXene; Volatile fatty acids; Cathode | CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; CARBON ELECTRODE; TI3C2 MXENE; CO2; REDUCTION; CATHODE; ACETATE; ENERGY; EXFOLIATION; ENRICHMENT | Cathode; Microbial electrosynthesis; Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>X</sub> MXene; Volatile fatty acids | Butyric acid; Carbon dioxide; Cathode materials; Cathodes; Felt; Felts; Mass transfer; Microorganisms; Propionic acid; Scanning electron microscopy; Titanium carbide; Bio-electrochemical; Carbon felt electrodes; Cathode modification; Fatty acid productions; Microbial community analysis; Microbial electrosynthesis; Multi-layered structure; Ti3C2TX MXene; Volatile fatty acids | English | 2020 | 2020-02-01 | 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122687 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | A photolithographic method for fabricating electron devices based on MOCVD-grown MoS2 | In modern electronics, two-dimensional (2D) materials which possess atomically thin layers and periodic network structures have emerged as a new paradigm of materials with a lot of potentials. To fully realize the important commercial applications that 2D materials in modern electronics, one of the key issues, such as development of adequate lithographic processing for 2D materials, must be resolved. Here, we report an unprecedented and reliable photolithographic process for large-area patterning of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films on both SiO2/Si and polymer substrates, as well as a lift-off of deposited metals on MoS2 films using an Irgacure 651-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) resist and a water-free developer. To verify the feasibility of our process, the fabrication and device performance of MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) is also presented. We expect the proposed method to provide a reliable route to device fabrication with 2D materials and to be an important step toward their commercialization. | Park, Hyeji; Mun, Jihun; Joung, DaeHwa; Wie, Jeong Jae; Jeong, Soo-Hwan; Kang, Sang-Woo | Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Adv Instrumentat Inst, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Inha Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Univ Sci & Technol, Sci Measurement, Daejeon 34113, South Korea | Wie, Jeong Jae (JJ)/I-9878-2019; , SooHwanJeong/JOJ-6732-2023 | 57193897897; 36778537900; 57193905585; 26041261000; 7402425359; 13607652400 | shjeong@knu.ac.kr;swkang@kriss.re.kr; | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | CHEM ENG J | 1385-8947 | 1873-3212 | 382 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | 2020 | 13.273 | 2.5 | 0.11 | 2025-06-25 | 4 | 3 | 2D materials; Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2); Photolithography; Photoresist; Water-free process; Patterning | TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; FEW-LAYER MOS2; WAFER-SCALE; ATOMIC LAYERS; FILMS; BEAM; NANOSTRUCTURES; UNIVERSAL | 2D materials; Molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>); Patterning; Photolithography; Photoresist; Water-free process | Esters; Fabrication; Field effect transistors; Layered semiconductors; Network layers; Photolithography; Photoresists; Polymer films; Silica; Sulfur compounds; Commercial applications; Field effect transistor (FETs); Large-area patterning; Lithographic processing; Molybdenum disulfide; Patterning; Photolithographic process; Two Dimensional (2 D); Molybdenum compounds | English | 2020 | 2020-02-15 | 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122944 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | A remarkable adsorbent for removal of bisphenol S from water: Aminated metal-organic framework, MIL-101-NH2 | Purification of water contaminated with organics has recently attracted much attention. In this study, the adsorptive removal of bisphenol S (BPS) from water was studied by using a metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-01 with or without -NH2 functionality. In order to understand the adsorption of BPS in detail, adsorption of other relevant materials, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), was also carried out. The adsorbed quantity increased significantly for SMZ and BPS (different from BPA adsorption) with the introduction of -NH2 groups onto MIL-101 even though the surface area of MIL-101-NH2 is much smaller than that of the pristine MIL-101. Moreover, adsorption of BPS was carried out over a wide pH range in order to understand the adsorption mechanism. It could be suggested that hydrogen bonding (with six-membered ring structure) between -S(=O)(2) and NH2 of MIL-101-NH2 could be an important contribution to the adsorption of BPS and SMZ. Moreover, H-bonding between -NH2 of the MOF and -OH (of BPS and BPA) or -NH2 (of SMZ) might also be possible. SMZ adsorption could remarkably be increased by loading -NH2 on MIL-101, because of another mechanism of ion-dipole interaction between the anionic N of SMZ and the -NH2 of MIL-101-NH2. Finally, MIL-101-NH2 showed the highest adsorption capacity for BPS (513 mg/g, at pH 7), compared with any reported results, and was recyclable after simple ethanol washing, suggesting the possible application of aminated MOFs in the adsorption of organics with sulfonyl group like BPS. | Park, Jong Min; Jhung, Sung Hwa | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Green Nano Mat Res Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Jhung, Sung/AAO-6683-2021 | 57193995796; 6701659467 | sung@knu.ac.kr; | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | CHEM ENG J | 1385-8947 | 1873-3212 | 396 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | 2020 | 13.273 | 2.5 | 3.46 | 2025-06-25 | 92 | 97 | Adsorption; Aminated MOFs; Bisphenol S; Metal-organic frameworks; MIL-101-NH2 | SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL; ACTIVATED CARBON; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MOFS; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; SORPTION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITE; CONTAMINANTS | Adsorption; Aminated MOFs; Bisphenol S; Metal-organic frameworks; MIL-101-NH<sub>2</sub> | Adsorption; Hydrogen bonds; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Organometallics; Phenols; Adsorption capacities; Adsorption mechanism; Adsorptive removal; Ion-dipole interactions; Purification of water; Six-membered rings; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonyl groups; Chemicals removal (water treatment) | English | 2020 | 2020-09-15 | 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125224 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Accelerated photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants over carbonate -rich lanthanum -substituted zinc spinel ferrite assembled reduced graphene oxide by ultraviolet (UV) -activated persulfate | Jun, Byung-Moon; Elanchezhiyan, S. SD.; Yoon, Yeomin; Wang, Dengjun; Kim, Soonhyun; Prabhu, Subbaiah Muthu; Park, Chang Min | Univ South Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 300 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; US EPA, 919 Kerr Res Dr, Ada, OK 74820 USA; Daegu Gyeongbuk Inst Sci & Technol DGIST, Smart Text Convergence Res Grp, Daegu 42988, South Korea; Alagappa Univ, Dept Ind Chem, Karaikkudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India | ; Yoon, Yeomin/KDP-2253-2024; Muthu Prabhu, Subbaiah/AFN-4547-2022; Jun, Byung-Moon/Y-2134-2019; Kim, Soonhyun/I-5510-2013; Wang, Dengjun/AAP-4679-2021; Park, Chang Min/CAA-8506-2022 | 55326699900; 54894383700; 7402126688; 37096385900; 8131631500; 7101753878; 57209588953 | yoony@cec.sc.edu;wang.dengjun@epa.gov;sh2358@dgist.ac.kr;prabhu86@knu.ac.kr;cmpark@knu.ac.kr; | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | CHEM ENG J | 1385-8947 | 1873-3212 | 393 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | 2020 | 13.273 | 2.5 | 3.57 | 2025-06-25 | 86 | 89 | RHODAMINE-B DYE; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; HETEROGENEOUS ACTIVATION; EFFICIENT REMOVAL; BISPHENOL-A; ADSORPTION; PERFORMANCE; PEROXYMONOSULFATE; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES | Degradation mechanism; Lanthanum-substituted zinc spinel ferrite; Persulfate activation; Photocatalysis | Contamination; Degradation; Ferrite; Graphene; Irradiation; Lanthanum compounds; Organic pollutants; Photocatalysis; Photocatalytic activity; Precipitation (chemical); Reduced Graphene Oxide; Rhodamine B; Stripping (dyes); Degradation mechanism; Persulfate activations; Pharmaceutical and personal care products; Photo catalytic degradation; Photocatalytic materials; Photocatalytic performance; Spinel ferrites; Ultraviolet irradiations; Zinc compounds | English | 2020 | 2020-08-01 | 10.1016/j.cej.2020.124733 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Adsorptive removal of nitrogenous compounds from microalgae-derived bio-oil using metal-organic frameworks with an amino group | Microalgae-derived bio-oils have recently attracted interest as a potential alternative to traditional transportation fuels. However, the wide variety organo-nitrogen compounds (ONCs) in such bio-oils are detrimental not only to the environment but also to fuel processing equipment. Removal of these ONCs from bio-oils prior to the oil being burnt is particularly important. Therefore, we investigated the adsorptive removal of carbazole (CBZ), hexadecanamide (HDA), and benzonitrile (PhCN), which are present in bio-oil and are difficult to remove via conventional methods, using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the first time. We employed two widely studied MOFs with or without an amino (-NH2) functionality (MIL-125, H2N-MIL-125, UiO-66, and H2N-UiO-66). These MOFs were found to be more efficient adsorbents than a conventional adsorbent, activated carbon. In particular, among the tested adsorbents, the -NH2 functionalized MOFs, especially H2N-MIL-125, exhibited the highest adsorption capacities. The role of the -NH2 functionality was explained on the basis of H-bonding interactions, which were the main driving force for enhanced ONC capture. The used H2N-MIL-125 could be recycled via simple solvent washing. On the basis of the remarkably high efficiency of H2N-MIL-125 in adsorptive denitrogenation (e.g., this MOF had 3.3, 11.2 and 15.2 times adsorption capacity for CBZ, HDA and PhCN, to that of AC, respectively) and its easy regeneration, the H2N-MIL-125 is proposed as a prospective adsorbent for the purification of algae-derived bio-oil. | Bhadra, Biswa Nath; Jhung, Sung Hwa | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Greennano Mat Res Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Jhung, Sung/AAO-6683-2021; Bhadra, Biswa Nath/ABG-6935-2021; Bhadra, Biswa/ABG-6935-2021 | 56982844300; 6701659467 | sung@knu.ac.kr; | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | CHEM ENG J | 1385-8947 | 1873-3212 | 388 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | 2020 | 13.273 | 2.5 | 1.51 | 2025-06-25 | 37 | 39 | Adsorption; Algae-derived bio-oil; H-bonding; Metal-organic frameworks; Organo-nitrogen compounds | LIQUID-HYDROCARBON STREAMS; LIGHT GAS OIL; MODEL FUEL; HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION; SELECTIVE ADSORPTION; REMARKABLE ADSORBENT; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; TRANSPORT SECTOR; DENITROGENATION; DESULFURIZATION | Adsorption; Algae-derived bio-oil; H-bonding; Metal-organic frameworks; Organo-nitrogen compounds | Activated carbon; Adsorption; Algae; Aromatic compounds; Bonding; Microorganisms; Nitrogen compounds; Organometallics; Adsorption capacities; Adsorptive denitrogenation; Bio oil; H-bonding; H-bonding interaction; Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs); Nitrogenous compounds; Organo nitrogen compounds; Metal-Organic Frameworks | English | 2020 | 2020-05-15 | 10.1016/j.cej.2020.124195 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Asymmetric optical camouflage: tuneable reflective colour accompanied by the optical Janus effect | Encryption: Nanostructured windows deliver colorful secrets Applications including anti-counterfeiting measures may benefit from an optical device that encrypts information as viewpoint-dependent colours. Recent studies have shown that embedding metal nanoparticles within transparent materials can produce structural colours that appear differently when seen from the front or back. Yong-Sang Ryu from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology in Seoul and co-workers have now developed a simplified technique for tuning color output from these smart windows. The researchers created optical cavities by sandwiching a porous insulator between a reflecting layer and a film of gold nanoparticles. Dramatic color changes from both viewing directions were achieved by altering the cavity's effective refractive index using surface modification and liquid infiltration. Engraved messages that were visible in air could be obscured on one side by submersing the windows into specific solvents. Going beyond an improved colour gamut, an asymmetric colour contrast, which depends on the viewing direction, and its ability to readily deliver information could create opportunities for a wide range of applications, such as next-generation optical switches, colour displays, and security features in anti-counterfeiting devices. Here, we propose a simple Fabry-Perot etalon architecture capable of generating viewing-direction-sensitive colour contrasts and encrypting pre-inscribed information upon immersion in particular solvents (optical camouflage). Based on the experimental verification of the theoretical modelling, we have discovered a completely new and exotic optical phenomenon involving a tuneable colour switch for viewing-direction-dependent information delivery, which we define as asymmetric optical camouflage. | Kim, Taehyun; Yu, Eui-Sang; Bae, Young-Gyu; Lee, Jongsu; Kim, In Soo; Chung, Seok; Lee, Seung-Yeol; Ryu, Yong-Sang | Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Sensor Syst Res Ctr, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Korea Univ, Dept Micro Nano Syst, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Nanophoton Res Ctr, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Korea Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea | Kim, Taek-Soo/C-1843-2011; Ryu, Yong-Sang/AAI-3948-2020; Lee, Seungwoo/U-8056-2017; Yu, Eui-Sang/GVR-7972-2022 | 59783064600; 56297930000; 57204432013; 58175758800; 56720626700; 7404292871; 55881869300; 55229727000 | seungyeol@knu.ac.kr;ysryu82@kist.re.kr; | LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS | LIGHT-SCI APPL | 2047-7538 | 9 | 1 | SCIE | OPTICS | 2020 | 17.782 | 2.5 | 3.12 | 2025-06-25 | 55 | 52 | SURFACE-PLASMONS; PHYSICS; CAVITY; FILMS | Color; Display devices; Invisibility cloaks; Anti-counterfeiting; Experimental verification; Information delivery; Optical camouflages; Optical phenomena; Security features; Theoretical modelling; Viewing directions; Optical switches | English | 2020 | 2020-10-19 | 10.1038/s41377-020-00413-5 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Augmented zero equality approach to stability for linear systems with time-varying delay | This work focuses the delay-dependent stability problem for linear systems with time-varying delays. By composing a suitable augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, using recent developed integral inequality and choosing newly states, a set of sufficient conditions for stability condition is induced within framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). To enhance the feasible region of stability, single augmented zero equality is established with the augmented state vectors for the first time and the equality constraint is incorporated into a simple stability criterion by utilizing Finsler's lemma. The comparison of maximum bounds of time-delay with various results proposed by recent studies will be conducted in numerical examples to demonstrate the superiority of the theorems presented by this paper. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | Kwon, O. M.; Lee, S. H.; Park, M. J.; Lee, S. M. | Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Cheongju 28644, South Korea; Kyung Hee Univ, Ctr Global Converging Humanities, Yongin 17104, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Lee, Seunghoon/AAR-6570-2020; Kwon, O.M./AAB-4260-2019; Park, M.J./Y-5611-2019; Lee, Sangmoon/C-4502-2018 | 55444931800; 57200399573; 35070283100; 59510733500 | moony@knu.ac.kr; | APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION | APPL MATH COMPUT | 0096-3003 | 1873-5649 | 381 | SCIE | MATHEMATICS, APPLIED | 2020 | 4.091 | 2.5 | 2.28 | 2025-06-25 | 28 | 29 | Augmented zero equality; Stability problem; Time-varying delay systems; LMIs | INTEGRAL INEQUALITY APPLICATION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; CRITERIA; IMPROVEMENT | Augmented zero equality; LMIs; Stability problem; Time-varying delay systems | Linear matrix inequalities; Linear systems; Robustness (control systems); Stability criteria; Time delay; Time varying control systems; Delay-dependent stability; Equality constraints; Feasible regions; Functionals; Integral inequalities; Stability condition; State vector; Time varying- delays; System stability | English | 2020 | 2020-09-15 | 10.1016/j.amc.2020.125329 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Convergence and stability of a BSLM for advection-diffusion models with Dirichlet boundary conditions | In this paper, we present a concrete analysis of the convergence and stability of a backward semi-Lagrangian method for a non-linear advection-diffusion equation with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. The total time derivative and the diffusion term are discretized by BDF2 and the second-order central finite difference, respectively, together with the local Lagrangian interpolation. The Cauchy problem for characteristic curves is resolved by an error correction method based on a quadratic polygon. Under the mesh restriction Delta t = O(Delta x(1/2)) between the temporal step size At and the spatial grid size Ax, it turns out that the proposed method has the convergence order O(Delta t(2) + Delta x(2) + Delta x(P+1)/Delta t) in the sense of the discrete H-1-norm, where p is the degree of an interpolation polynomial. Further, the unconditional stability of the method is established. Numerical tests are presented to support the theoretical analyses. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | Kim, Philsu; Kim, Dojin | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Math, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 7402334786; 57206696832 | kimps@knu.ac.kr;kimdojin@pusan.ac.kr; | APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION | APPL MATH COMPUT | 0096-3003 | 1873-5649 | 366 | SCIE | MATHEMATICS, APPLIED | 2020 | 4.091 | 2.5 | 0.46 | 2025-06-25 | 5 | 5 | Burgers' equation; Semi-Lagrangian method; Non-linear advection-diffusion equation; Convergence analysis; Stability analysis | SEMI-LAGRANGIAN SCHEME; ORDER CHARACTERISTICS/FINITE ELEMENTS; GALERKIN METHOD; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; INTEGRATION; 2ND-ORDER | Burgers’ equation; Convergence analysis; Non-linear advection–diffusion equation; Semi-Lagrangian method; Stability analysis | Advection; Diffusion; Error correction; Interpolation; Lagrange multipliers; Partial differential equations; Stability; Advection-diffusion equation; Advection-diffusion models; Central finite difference; Convergence analysis; Diffusion equations; Dirichlet boundary condition; Semi-Lagrangian methods; Stability analysis; Boundary conditions | English | 2020 | 2020-02-01 | 10.1016/j.amc.2019.124744 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Cu2O-incorporated MAF-6-derived highly porous carbons for the adsorptive denitrogenation of liquid fuel | Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbons (MDCs) with remarkable porosity were synthesized through pyrolysis of a MOF (metal-azolate framework-6 or MAF-6) in the presence of KOH activating agent. Further, Cu2O particles were synthesized under a mild condition within the MDCs. The Cu2O/MDCs showed very efficient adsorptions of both quinoline (454 mg/g) and indole (435 mg/g) from liquid fuel. Or, the Cu2O/MDC resulted in increase of quinoline and indole adsorption, by around 213% and 243%, respectively, compared with simple MDC, prepared without KOH. Additionally, the new adsorbent showed around 5-6 times efficiency in removal of such adsorbates to that of conventional activated carbon. The maximum adsorption capacities (Q(m)) of the studied adsorbent for quinoline and indole also stand at the first and second positions, respectively, among the carbon-based adsorbents reported so far. Moreover, compared with other studied adsorbents, the Cu2O-incorpoarated MDCs had a good selectivity towards both adsorbates, especially during the adsorptions in the presence of toluene as a co-solvent. The remarkable adsorptions with Cu2O/MDC were explained by the pi-complexation and huge porosity. In addition, the adsorbents could be regenerated for several cycles via a simple solvent wash. | Khan, Nazmul Abedin; Shin, Subin; Jhung, Sung Hwa | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Greennano Mat Res Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Jhung, Sung/AAO-6683-2021; Shin, Subin/MDT-8671-2025 | 35170042700; 57207849464; 6701659467 | sung@knu.ac.kr; | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL | CHEM ENG J | 1385-8947 | 1873-3212 | 381 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | 2020 | 13.273 | 2.5 | 1.28 | 2025-06-25 | 32 | 30 | Adsorption; pi-Complexation; Cu2O; Liquid fuel; MOF-derived carbon; Nitrogen compounds | METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS; MODEL FOSSIL-FUELS; REMARKABLE ADSORBENT; DEEP DESULFURIZATION; SELECTIVE ADSORPTION; HYDROCARBON STREAMS; HETEROCYCLIC SULFUR | Adsorption; Cu<sub>2</sub>O; Liquid fuel; MOF-derived carbon; Nitrogen compounds; π-Complexation | Activated carbon; Adsorption; Crystalline materials; Liquid fuels; Liquids; Nitrogen compounds; Organic solvents; Organometallics; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Porosity; Porous materials; Potassium hydroxide; Activating agents; Adsorption capacities; Adsorptive denitrogenation; Carbon based adsorbents; Cu2O; Derived carbons; Metal organic framework; Porous carbons; Copper oxides | English | 2020 | 2020-02-01 | 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122675 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | Article | Effect of Alirocumab on Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome | BACKGROUND Lipoprotein(a) concentration is associated with cardiovascular events. Alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, lowers lipoprotein(a) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). OBJECTIVES A pre-specified analysis of the placebo-controlled ODYSSEY Outcomes trial in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) determined whether alirocumab-induced changes in lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C independently predicted major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS One to 12 months after ACS, 18,924 patients on high-intensity statin therapy were randomized to alirocumab or placebo and followed for 2.8 years (median). Lipoprotein(a) was measured at randomization and 4 and 12 months thereafter. The primary MACE outcome was coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS Baseline lipoprotein(a) levels (median: 21.2 mg/dl; interquartile range [IQR]: 6.7 to 59.6 mg/dl) and LDL-C [corrected for cholesterol content in lipoprotein(a)] predicted MACE. Alirocumab reduced lipoprotein(a) by 5.0 mg/dl (IQR: 0 to 13.5 mg/dl), corrected LDL-C by 51.1 mg/dl (IQR: 33.7 to 67.2 mg/dl), and reduced the risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78 to 0.93). Alirocumab-induced reductions of lipoprotein(a) and corrected LDL-C independently predicted lower risk of MACE, after adjustment for baseline concentrations of both lipoproteins and demographic and clinical characteristics. A 1-mg/dl reduction in lipoprotein(a) with alirocumab was associated with a HR of 0.994 (95% CI: 0.990 to 0.999; p = 0.0081). CONCLUSIONS Baseline lipoprotein(a) and corrected LDL-C levels and their reductions by alirocumab predicted the risk of MACE after recent ACS. Lipoprotein(a) lowering by alirocumab is an independent contributor to MACE reduction, which suggests that lipoprotein(a) should be an independent treatment target after ACS. (ODYSSEY Outcomes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab; NCT01663402) (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. | Bittner, Vera A.; Szarek, Michael; Aylward, Philip E.; Bhatt, Deepak L.; Diaz, Rafael; Edelberg, Jay M.; Fras, Zlatko; Goodman, Shaun G.; Halvorsen, Sigrun; Hanotin, Corinne; Harrington, Robert A.; Jukema, J. Wouter; Loizeau, Virginie; Moriarty, Patrick M.; Moryusef, Angele; Pordy, Robert; Roe, Matthew T.; Sinnaeve, Peter; Tsimikas, Sotirios; Vogel, Robert; White, Harvey D.; Zahger, Doron; Zeiher, Andreas M.; Steg, Gabriel; Schwartz, Gregory G.; Aylward, Philip E.; Drexel, Heinz; Sinnaeve, Peter; Dilic, Mirza; Lopes, Renato D.; Gotcheva, Nina N.; Prieto, Juan-Carlos; Yong, Huo; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Pecin, Ivan; Reiner, Zeljko; Ostadal, Petr; Poulsen, Steen Hvitfeldt; Viigimaa, Margus; Nieminen, Markku S.; Danchin, Nicolas; Chumburidze, Vakhtang; Marx, Nikolaus; Liberopoulos, Evangelos; Montenegro Valdovinos, Pablo Carlos; Tse, Hung-Fat; Kiss, Robert Gabor; Xavier, Denis; Zahger, Doron; Valgimigli, Marco; Kimura, Takeshi; Kim, Hyo Soo; Kim, Sang-Hyun; Erglis, Andrejs; Laucevicius, Aleksandras; Kedev, Sasko; Yusoff, Khalid; Ramos Lopez, Gabriel Arturo; Alings, Marco; Halvorsen, Sigrun; Correa Flores, Roger M.; Sy, Rody G.; Budaj, Andrzej; Morais, Joao; Dorobantu, Maria; Karpov, Yuri; Ristic, Arsen D.; Chua, Terrance; Murin, Jan; Fras, Zlatko; Dalby, Anthony J.; Tunon, Jose; de Silva, H. Asita; Hagstrom, Emil; Muller, Christian; Chiang, Chern-En; Sritara, Piyamitr; Guneri, Sema; Parkhomenko, Alexander; Ray, Kausik K.; Moriarty, Patrick M.; Vogel, Robert; Chaitman, Bernard; Kelsey, Sheryl F.; Olsson, Anders G.; Rouleau, Jean-Lucien; Simoons, Maarten L.; Alexander, Karen; Meloni, Chiara; Rosenson, Robert; Sijbrands, Eric J. G.; Alexander, John H.; Armaganijan, Luciana; Bagai, Akshay; Bahit, Maria Cecilia; Brennan, J. Matthew; Clifton, Shaun; DeVore, Adam D.; Deloatch, Shalonda; Dickey, Sheila; Dombrowski, Keith; Ducrocq, Gregory; Eapen, Zubin; Endsley, Patricia; Eppinger, Arleen; Hess, Connie Ng; Hlatky, Mark A.; Jordan, Joseph Dedrick; Knowles, Joshua W.; Kolls, Bradley J.; Kong, David F.; Leonardi, Sergio; Lillis, Linda; Maron, David J.; Marcus, Jill; Mathews, Robin; Mehta, Rajendra H.; Mentz, Robert J.; Moreira, Humberto Graner; Patel, Chetan B.; Pereira, Sabrina Bernardez; Perkins, Lynn; Povsic, Thomas J.; Puymirat, Etienne; Jones, William Schuyler; Shah, Bimal R.; Sherwood, Matthew W.; Stringfellow, Kenya; Sujjavanich, Darin; Toma, Mustafa; Trotter, Charlene; van Diepen, Sean F. P.; Wilson, Matthew D.; Yan, Andrew Tze-Kay; Schiavi, Lilia B.; Garrido, Marcelo; Alvarisqueta, Andres F.; Sassone, Sonia A.; Bordonava, Anselmo P.; Alves De Lima, Alberto E.; Schmidberg, Jorge M.; Duronto, Ernesto A.; Caruso, Orlando C.; Novaretto, Leonardo P.; Angel Hominal, Miguel; Montana, Oscar R.; Caccavo, Alberto; Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar A.; Lorenzatti, Alberto J.; Cartasegna, Luis R.; Paterlini, Gustavo A.; Mackinnon, Ignacio J.; Caime, Guillermo D.; Amuchastegui, Marcos; Codutti, Oscar R.; Jure, Horacio O.; Bono, Julio O. E.; Hrabar, Adrian D.; Vallejos, Julio A.; Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo A.; Novoa, Federico; Patocchi, Cristian A.; Zaidman, Cesar J.; Giuliano, Maria E.; Dran, Ricardo D.; Vico, Marisa L.; Carnero, Gabriela S.; Guzman, Pablo N.; Medrano Allende, Juan C.; Garcia Brasca, Daniela F.; Bustamante Labarta, Miguel H.; Nani, Sebastian; Blumberg, Eduardo D. S.; Colombo, Hugo R.; Liberman, Alberto; Luciardi, Hector L.; Waisman, Gabriel D.; Berli, Mario A.; Garcia Duran, Ruben O.; Cestari, Horacio G.; Luquez, Hugo A.; Giordano, Jorge A.; Saavedra, Silvia S.; Waites, Jonathon H.; Collins, Nicholas; Soward, Allan; Hii, Chris L. S.; Shaw, James; Arstall, Margaret A.; Horowitz, John; Rogers, James F.; Colquhoun, David; Flores, Romulo E. Oqueli; Roberts-Thomson, Philip; Raffel, Owen; Lehman, Sam J.; Coverdale, Steven G. M.; Garrahy, Paul J.; Starmer, Gregory; Sader, Mark; Carroll, Patrick A.; Zweiker, Robert; Hoppe, Uta; Huber, Kurt; Berger, Rudolf; Weidinger, Franz; Faes, Dirk; Hermans, Kurt; Pirenne, Bruno; Leone, Attilio; Hoffer, Etienne; Vrolix, Mathias C. M.; De Wolf, Luc; Wollaert, Bart; Castadot, Marc; Dujardin, Karl; Beauloye, Christophe; Vervoort, Geert; Striekwold, Harry; Convens, Carl; Roosen, John; Barbato, Emanuele; Claeys, Marc; Cools, Frank; Terzic, Ibrahim; Barakovic, Fahir; Midzic, Zlatko; Pojskic, Belma; Fazlibegovic, Emir; Durak-Nalbantic, Azra; Vulic, Dusko; Muslibegovic, Adis; Reis, Gilmar; Sousa, Luciano; Nicolau, Jose C.; Giorgeto, Flavio E.; Silva, Ricardo P.; Maia, Lilia Nigro; Rech, Rafael; Rossi, Paulo R. F.; Cerqueira, Maria Jose A. G.; Duda, Norberto; Kalil, Renato; Kormann, Adrian; Abrantes, Jose Antonio M.; Pimentel Filho, Pedro; Soggia, Ana Priscila; de Santos, Mayler O. N.; Neuenschwander, Fernando; Bodanese, Luiz C.; Michalaros, Yorghos L.; Eliaschewitz, Freddy G.; Vidotti, Maria H.; Leaes, Paulo E.; Botelho, Roberto V.; Kaiser, Sergio; Fernandes Manenti, Euler Roberto F.; Precoma, Dalton B.; Moura Jorge, Jose C.; Silva, Pedro G. M. de B.; Silveira, Jose A.; Saporito, Wladimir; Marin Neto, Jose A.; Feitosa, Gilson S.; Ritt, Luiz Eduardo F.; de Souza, Juliana A.; Costa, Fernando; Souza, Weimar K. S. B.; Reis, Helder J. L.; Machado, Leandro; Aidar Ayoub, Jose Carlos; Todorov, Georgi V.; Nikolov, Fedya P.; Velcheva, Elena S.; Tzekova, Maria L.; Benov, Haralambi O.; Petranov, Stanislav L.; Tumbev, Haralin S.; Shehova-Yankova, Nina S.; Markov, Dimitar T.; Raev, Dimitar H.; Mollov, Mihail N.; Kichukov, Kostadin N.; Ilieva-Pandeva, Katya A.; Ivanova, Raya; Mincheva, Valentina M.; Lazov, Petar V.; Dimov, Bojidar I.; Senaratne, Manohara; Stone, James; Kornder, Jan; Pearce, Stephen; Dion, Danielle; Savard, Daniel; Pesant, Yves; Pandey, Amritanshu; Robinson, Simon; Gosselin, Gilbert; Vizel, Saul; Hoag, Gordon; Bourgeois, Ronald; Morisset, Anne; Sabbah, Eric; Sussex, Bruce; Kouz, Simon; MacDonald, Paul; Diaz, Ariel; Michaud, Nicolas; Fell, David; Leung, Raymond; Vuurmans, Tycho; Lai, Christopher; Nigro, Frank; Davies, Richard; Nogareda, Gustavo; Vijayaraghavan, Ram; Ducas, John; Lepage, Serge; Mehta, Shamir; Cha, James; Dupuis, Robert; Fong, Peter; Rodes-Cabau, Josep; Fadlallah, Hussein; Cleveland, David; Huynh, Thao; Bata, Iqbal; Hameed, Adnan; Pincetti, Cristian; Potthoff, Sergio; Acevedo, Monica; Aguirre, Arnoldo; Vejar, Margarita; Yanez, Mario; Araneda, Guillermo; Fernandez, Mauricio; Perez, Luis; Varleta, Paola; Florenzano, Fernando; Huidobro, Laura; Raffo, Carlos A.; Olivares, Claudia; Chen, Jiyan; Dong, Yugang; Huang, Weijian; Wang, Jianzhong; Huang, Shi'An; Yao, Zhuhua; Cui, Lan; Lin, Wenhua; Sun, Yuemin; Wang, Jingfeng; Li, Jianping; Zhang, Xuelian; Zhu, Hong; Chen, Dandan; Huang, Lan; Dong, Shaohong; Su, Guohai; Xu, Biao; Su, Xi; Cheng, Xiaoshu; Lin, Jinxiu; Zong, Wenxia; Li, Huanming; Feng, Yi; Xu, Dingli; Yang, Xinchun; Ke, Yuannan; Lin, Xuefeng; Zhang, Zheng; Zheng, Zeqi; Luo, Zhurong; Chen, Yundai; Ding, Chunhua; Zheng, Yang; Li, Xiaodong; Peng, Daoquan; Li, Ying; Wei, Meng; Liu, Shaowen; Yu, Yihua; Qu, Baiming; Jiang, Weihong; Zhou, Yujie; Zhao, Xingsheng; Yuan, Zuyi; Guo, Ying; Xu, Xiping; Shi, Xubo; Ge, Junbo; Fu, Guosheng; Bai, Feng; Fang, Weiyi; Shou, Xiling; Yang, Xiangjun; Wang, Jian'An; Jaramillo, Nicolas; Vallejo, Gregorio Sanchez; Botia, Diana C. Luna; Lopez, Rodrigo Botero; De Salazar, Dora I. Molina; Bonfanti, Alberto J. Cadena; Higuera, Juan Diego; Silva, Sandra I. Barrera; Lozada, Henry J. Garcia; Arroyo, Julian A. Coronel; Mendoza, Jose L. Accini; Ruiz, Ricardo L. Fernandez; Fernandez, Angela M.; Jatin, Fernando G. Manzur; Herazo, Aristides Sotomayor; Parada, Jeffrey Castellanos; Triana, Miguel A. 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W.; Turi, Tibor; Merkely, Bela; Ungi, Imre; Lupkovics, Geza; Nagy, Lajos; Katona, Andras; Edes, Istvan; Muller, Gabor; Horvath, Ivan; Kapin, Tibor; Falukozy, Jozsef; Kumbla, Mukund; Sandhu, Manjinder; Annam, Sharath; Proddutur, Naveen Reddy; Premchand, Rajendra K.; Mahajan, Ajaykumar; Abhyanakar, Atul D.; Kerkar, Prafulla; Govinda, Ravishankar A.; Oomman, Abraham; Sinha, Dhurjati; Patil, Sachin N.; Kahali, Dhiman; Sawhney, Jitendra; Joshi, Abhijeet B.; Chaudhary, Sanjeev; Harkut, Pankaj; Guha, Santanu; Porwal, Sanjay; Jujjuru, Srimannarayana; Pothineni, Ramesh B.; Monteiro, Minguel R.; Khan, Aziz; Iyengar, Shamanna S.; Grewal, Jasprakash Singh; Chopda, Manoj; Fulwani, Mahesh C.; Patange, Aparna; Chopra, Vijay K.; Goyal, Naresh K.; Shinde, Rituparna; Manakshe, Gajendra V.; Patki, Nitin; Sethi, Sumeet; Munusamy, Vengatesh; Karna, Sunil; Adhyapak, Srilakshmi; Pandurangi, Ulhas; Mathur, Rishabh; Kalashetti, Suhas; Bhagwat, Ajit; Raghuraman, Bagirath; Yerra, Shiv Kumar; Bhansali, Prasant; Borse, Rohidas; Das, Srihari; Abdullakutty, Jabir; Saathe, Shireesh; Palimkar, Priya; Atar, Shaul; Shechter, Michael; Mosseri, Morris; Arbel, Yaron; Lotan, Chaim; Rosenschein, Uri; Katz, Amos; Henkin, Yaakov; Francis, Adi; Klutstein, Marc; Nikolsky, Eugenia; Turgeman, Yoav; Halabi, Majdi; Kornowski, Ran; Jonas, Michael; Amir, Offer; Rozenman, Yoseph; Fuchs, Shmuel; Hussein, Osamah; Gavish, Dov; Vered, Zvi; Caraco, Yoseph; Elias, Mazen; Tov, Naveh; Piovaccari, Giancarlo; De Pellegrin, Annamaria; Guardigli, Gabriele; Licciardello, Giovanni; Auguadro, Carla; Cuccia, Claudio; Salvioni, Alessandro; Musumeci, Giuseppe; Calabro, Paolo; Novo, Salvatore; Faggiano, Pompilio; De Cesare, Nicoletta B.; Berti, Sergio; Cavallini, Claudio; Puccioni, Enrico; Galvani, Marcello; Tespili, Maurizio; Piatti, Piermarco; Palvarini, Michela; De Luca, Giuseppe; Violini, Roberto; De Leo, Alessandro; Filardi, Pasquale Perrone; Ferratini, Maurizio; Dai, Kazuoki; Kamiya, Haruo; Ando, Kenji; Takeda, Yoshihiro; Morino, Yoshihiro; Hata, Yoshiki; Kimura, Kazuo; Kishi, Koichi; Michishita, Ichiro; Uehara, Hiroki; Higashikata, Toshinori; Hirayama, Atsushi; Hirooka, Keiji; Sakagami, Satoru; Taguchi, Shuichi; Koike, Akihiro; Fujinaga, Hiroyuki; Koba, Shinji; Kozuma, Ken; Kawasaki, Tomohiro; Ono, Yujiro; Shimizu, Masatoshi; Katsuda, Yousuke; Wada, Atsuyuki; Shinke, Toshiro; Ako, Junya; Fujii, Kenshi; Takahashi, Toshiyuki; Sakamoto, Tomohiro; Furukawa, Yutaka; Sugino, Hiroshi; Mano, Toshiaki; Utsu, Noriaki; Ito, Kashima; Haraguchi, Takuya; Ueda, Yasunori; Nishibe, Akira; Fujimoto, Kazuteru; Yoon, Jung Han; Park, Hun Sik; Chae, In-Ho; Kim, Moo Hyun; Jeong, Myung Ho; Rha, Seungwoon; Kim, Chongjin; Hong, Taekjong; Busmane, Arija; Pontaga, Natalija; Strelnieks, Aldis; Mintale, Iveta; Sime, Iveta; Petrulioniene, Zaneta; Kavaliauskiene, Roma; Jurgaitiene, Ruta; Sakalyte, Gintare; Slapikas, Rimvydas; Norkiene, Sigute; Misonis, Nerijus; Kibarskis, Aleksandras; Kubilius, Raimondas; Bojovski, Stojko; Lozance, Nensi; Kjovkaroski, Aleksandar; Doncovska, Snezana; Ong, Tiong Kiam; Kasim, Sazzli; Maskon, Oteh; Kandasamy, Balachandran; Liew, Houng B.; Mohamed, Wan Mohd Izani Wan; Garcia Castillo, Armando; Carrillo Calvillo, Jorge; Fajardo Campos, Pedro; Nunez Fragoso, Juan Carlos; Bayram Llamas, Edmundo Alfredo; Alcocer Gamba, Marco Antonio; Carranza Madrigal, Jaime; Gonzalez Salas, Luis Gerardo; Lopez Rosas, Enrique; Gonzalez Diaz, Belinda; Salcido Vazquez, Eduardo; Nacoud Ackar, Alfredo; Llamas Esperon, Guillermo Antonio; Martinez Sanchez, Carlos Rodolfo; Guerrero De Leon, Maria; Suarez Otero, Rodrigo; Fanghanel Salmon, Guillermo; Perez Rios, Jesus Antonio; Garza Ruiz, Jose Angel; Breedveld, Robert W.; Hoogslag, Pieter A. M.; Suryapranata, Harry; Oomen, Antonius; Wiersma, Jacobijne J.; Van Der Wal, Ruud M. A.; Van Huysduynen-Monraats, Pascalle S. Hooft; Karalis, Ioannis; Verdel, Gerardus J. E.; Brueren, Bart R. G.; Troquay, Roland P. Th; Viergever, Eric P.; Al-Windy, Nadea Y. Y.; Bartels, Gerard L.; Cornel, Jan H.; Hermans, Walter R. M.; Herrman, Johannes P. R.; Bos, Robert J.; Groutars, Reginald G. E. J.; Van Der Zwaan, Coenraad C.; Kaplan, Refik; Ronner, Eelko; Groenemeijer, Bjorn E.; Bronzwaer, Patrick N. A.; Liem, Anho A. H.; Rensing, Bernard J. W. M.; Bokern, Marcel J. J. A.; Nijmeijer, Remco; Hersbach, Ferry M. R. J.; Willems, Frank F.; Gosselink, Antonius T. M.; Elliott, John; Wilkins, Gerard; Fisher, Raewyn; Scott, Douglas; Hart, Hamish; Stewart, Ralph; Harding, Scott; Ternouth, Ian; Fisher, Nicholas; Aitken, Denise; Anscombe, Russell; Tomala, Tadeusz; Nygard, Ottar; Sparby, Jon Arne; Andersen, Kjell; Gullestad, Lars; Jortveit, Jarle; Munk, Peter S.; Hurtig, Ulf; Ticona, Jorge R. Calderon; Velasquez, Julio R. Durand; Miguel, Sandra A. Negron; Perez, Enrique S. Sanabria; Chambilla, Jesus M. Carrion; Ayala, Carlos A. Chavez; Leon, Reynaldo P. Castillo; Gonzales, Rolando J. Vargas; Zuniga, Jose D. Hernandez; Cosavalente, Luis A. Camacho; Mannucci, Jorge E. Bravo; Navarro, Nassip C. Llerena; Concha, Yudy M. Roldan; Chavez, V-ctor E. Rodriguez; Hernandez, Henry A. Anchante; Nunez, Carlos A. Zea; Ferrolino, Arthur; Sy, Rosa Allyn G.; Tirador, Louie; Matiga, Generoso; Coching, Raul Martin; Bernan, Alisa; Rogelio, Gregorio; Morales, Dante D.; Tan, Edgar; Wlodarczak, Adrian; Jaworska, Krystyna; Skonieczny, Grzegorz; Pawlowicz, Lidia; Wojewoda, Pawel; Busz-Papiez, Benita; Bednarski, Janusz; Goch, Aleksander; Staneta, Pawel; Dulak, Elzbieta; Saminski, Krzysztof; Krasowski, Wlodzimierz; Sudnik, Wanda; Zurakowski, Aleksander; Skorski, Marcin; Lysek, Roman; Miklaszewicz, Beata; Kubica, Jacek; Lipko, Jan Andrzej; Kostarska-Srokosz, Edyta; Piepiorka, Marek; Drzewiecka, Anna; Sciborski, Ryszard; Stasiewski, Arkadiusz; Blicharski, Tomasz; Bystryk, Leszek; Szpajer, Michal; Korol, Marek; Czerski, Tomasz; Mirek-Bryniarska, Ewa; Gniot, Jacek; Lubinski, Andrzej; Gorny, Jerzy; Franek, Edward; Monteiro, Pedro; Bastos, Jose Mesquita; Pereira, Helder H.; Martins, Dinis; Seixo, Filipe; Mendonca, Carlos; Botelho, Ana; Minescu, Bogdan; Istratoaie, Octavian; Tesloianu, Dan N.; Cristian, Gabriel; Podoleanu, Cristian G. 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R.; Subkovas, Eduardas; Braganza, Denise; Sarkar, David; Storey, Robert; Griffiths, Huw; Mcclure, Sam; Muthusamy, Rangasamy; Kurian, John; Levy, Terry; Barr, Craig; Kadr, Honer; Gerber, Robert; Simaitis, Audrius; Soran, Handrean; Mathur, Anthony; Brodison, Adrian; Oliver, Richard; Mudawi, Telal; Reynolds, Timothy; Sharman, David; Butler, Rob; Wilkinson, Peter; Lip, Gregory Y. 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John; Claxton, Edmund, Jr.; Berk, Martin; Rossi, Peter; Joshi, Parag; Khaira, Ajit S.; Kumkumian, Greg; Lupovitch, Steven; Purow, Joshua; Welka, Stephen; Hoffman, David; Fischer, Stuart; Soroka, Eugene; Eagerton, Donald; Pancholy, Samir; Ray, Michael; Farrar, Michael; Pollock, Stewart; French, William J.; Diamantis, Steve; Gimple, Lawrence; Schwartz, Steven; Pereira, Edward; Spriggs, Douglas; Strain, Janet; Vo, Anthony; Chane, Majed; Hall, Jason; Vijay, Nampalli; Lotun, Kapildeo; Lester, F. Martin; Nahhas, Ahed; Pope, Theodore; Nager, Paul; Vohra, Rakesh; Bashir, Riyaz; Ahmed, Hinan; Berlowitz, Michael; Fishberg, Robert; Barrucco, Robert; Yang, Eric; Radin, Michael; Sporn, Daniel; Eisenberg, Steven; Landzberg, Joel; Mcgough, Martin; Turk, Samir; Schwartz, Michael; Sundram, P. Sandy; Jain, Diwakar; Zainea, Mark; Bayron, Carlos; Karlsberg, Ronald; Lui, Henry; Keen, William; Westerhausen, Donald, Jr.; Khurana, Sandeep; Agarwal, Himanshu; Birchem, Jessica; Penny, William, Jr.; Chang, Mark; Gilbert, John M.; Chalavarya, Gopal; Eaton, Charles; Schmedtje, John F., Jr.; Christenson, Stuart; Denham, Douglas; Macdonell, Alexander; Gibson, Paul; Rahman, Aref; Al Joundi, Tammam; Conrad, Gary; Kotha, Purushotham; Love, Michael; Giesler, Gregory; Rubenstein, Howard; Akright, Laura; Schifferdecker, Branislav; Krawczyk, Justine; Wells, Terry; Welker, James; Foster, Robert; Gilmore, Richard; Anderson, Jay; Jacoby, Douglas; Harris, Bill; Gardner, Geraldine; Dandillaya, Ramprasad; Vora, Kishor; Kostis, John; Hunter, John; Laxson, David; Ball, Eric | Univ Alabama Birmingham, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Birmingham, AL USA; SUNY, Downstate Sch Publ Hlth, Brooklyn, NY USA; Flinders Univ & Med Ctr, South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Brigham & Womens Hosp, Heart & Vasc Ctr, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA; Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA; Inst Cardiovasc Rosario, Estudios Cardiol Latinoamer, Rosario, Argentina; Sanofi, Bridgewater, MA USA; Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Prevent Cardiol Unit, Div Med, Dept Vasc Med, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Univ Ljubljana, Med Fac, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Univ Alberta, Canadian VIGOUR Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada; Oslo Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Oslo, Norway; Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Sanofi, Paris, France; Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford Ctr Clin Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Leiden, Netherlands; Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Div Clin Pharmacol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA; Regeneron Pharmaceut Inc, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA; Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA; Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Durham, NC 27706 USA; Univ Hosp Leuven, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Leuven, Belgium; Univ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Univ Calif San Diego, Div Cardiovasc Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Univ Colorado, Div Cardiol, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA; Auckland City Hosp, Green Lane Cardiovasc Serv, Auckland, New Zealand; Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Soroka Univ Med Ctr, Fac Hlth Sci, Beer Sheva, Israel; Goethe Univ, Dept Med 3, Frankfurt, Germany; Univ Paris, Hop Bichat, AP HP, FACT,INSERM,U1148, Paris, France; Imperial Coll, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Royal Brompton Hosp, London, England; Flinders Univ & Med Ctr, South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria; UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Univ Clin Ctr Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg; MHAT Natl Cardiol Hosp EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria; Hosp Clin Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile; Peking Univ First Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China; Fdn Oftalmol Santander FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia; Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Zagreb Sch Med, Zagreb, Croatia; Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Sch Med, Zagreb, Croatia; Na Homolce Hosp, Prague, Czech Republic; Aarhus Univ Hosp Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark; SA Pohja Eesti Reg Haigla, Tallinn, Estonia; HUCH, Div Cardiol, Heart & Lung Ctr, Helsinki, Finland; FACT, Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Chapidze Emergency Cardiol Ctr, Tbilisi, Georgia; Univ Klinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Univ Gen Hosp Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Clin Privada, Unidad Diagnost Cardiol, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; Magyar Honvedseg Egeszsegugyi Kozpont, Budapest, Hungary; St Johns Med Coll, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Soroka Univ Med Ctr, Fac Hlth Sci, Beer Sheva, Israel; Univ Ferrara, Unit Operat Cardiol, Ferrara, Italy; Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Seoul, South Korea; SMG Seoul Natl Univ, Boramae Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea; Pauls Stradins Clin Univ Hosp, Riga, Latvia; Vilnius Univ Hosp, Santaros Klin, Vilnius, Lithuania; Univ Clin Cardiol, Skopje, North Macedonia; Univ Teknol MARA UiTM Selayang Campus, Batu Caves, Malaysia; UCSI Univ, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Med Off, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Amphia Ziekenhuis Molengracht, Breda, Netherlands; Auckland City Hosp, Green Lane Cardiovasc Serv, Auckland, New Zealand; Oslo Univ Sykehus HF, Oslo, Norway; Hosp Nacl IV Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, Callao, Peru; Cardinal Santos Med Ctr, San Juan, Philippines; Grochowski Hosp, Postgrad Med Sch, Warsaw, Poland; Ctr Hosp Leiria Pombal, Leiria, Portugal; Clin Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Russian Cardiol Sci Prod Complex, Moscow, Russia; Clin Ctr Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Natl Heart Ctr, Singapore, Singapore; Univ Nemocn Bratislava, Interna Klin 1, Bratislava, Slovakia; Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Div Med, Dept Vasc Med, Prevent Cardiol Unit, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Milpark Hosp, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain; Univ Kelaniya, Clin Trials Unit, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Uppsala Univ Hosp, Uppsala, Sweden; Univ Spital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan; Natl Yang Ming Univ, Taipei, Taiwan; Ramathibodi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand; Dokuz Eylul Univ, Tip Fak, Izmir, Turkey; MD Strazhesko Inst Cardiol AMS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; Imperial Coll London, London, England; Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Clin Pharmacol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA; Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA; Univ Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA; St Louis Univ, St Louis Univ Ctr Hlth Outcomes Res, St Louis, MO USA; Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA; Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth, Linkoping, Sweden; Univ Montreal, Inst Cardiol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Duke Univ, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA; Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA; Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA; Brazilian Clin Res Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hop Bichat Claude Bernard, AP HP, Paris, France; Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA; Fdn IRCCS Policlin S Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Univ British Columbia, St Pauls Hosp, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Clin Del Prado, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Clin Privada Prov, Merlo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Ctr Invest Med Mar del Plata, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consultorios Asoc Endocrinol & Inv Clin Aplicad, Caba, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Clin FUSAVIM Privada, Villa Maria, Cordoba, Argentina; Inst Cardiovasc Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Inst Med Aguero, Moron, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fdn Favaloro Docencia & Invest Med, Caba, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hosp Cent Mendoza, Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina; Sanatorio Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina; Ctr Invest Clin Litoral, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina; Dim Clin Privada, Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Clin Coronel Suarez, Coronel Suarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Sanatorio San Martin SA, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina; Inst Med DAMIC, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Hosp Italiano La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Invest Clin Tucuman, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina; Inst Invest Clin, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Inst Diagnost La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hosp Privado Ctr Med Cordoba, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Cordis Inst Corazon, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina; Clin Chutro SRL, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Sanat Allende, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Inst Invest Clin Quilmes, Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Inst Cardiol Corrientes, Corrientes, Corrientes, Argentina; Corp Med San Martin, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Grp Med Alem, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hosp Reg Espanol Bahia Blanca, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Ctr Invest & Prevenc Cardiovasc, Caba, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fdn Estudios Clin, Inst Med, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina; Sanat Mariano Pelliza, Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Inst Invest Clin Zarate, Zarate, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IMEP, Ciudadela, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Sanat San Francisco, Santiago Del Estero, Santiago Estero, Argentina; Clin & Maternidad Suizo Argentina, Caba, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hosp Italiano, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Ctr Med Lebensohn, Junin, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Clin Olivos, Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Medeos, Caba, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Clin Colombo, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Inst Privado Invest Clin Cordoba, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Ctr Modelo Cardiol, San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina; Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hosp Prov Dr Jose Maria Cullen, Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina; Inst Invest Clin San Nicolas, San Nicolas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Sanatorio Guemes, Caba, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Ctr Med Luquez, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina; Clin Inst Med Adrogue, Almirante Brown, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Sanat Parque SA, Salta, Salta, Argentina; Coffs Harbour Hlth Campus, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia; John Hunter Hosp, New Lambton Hts, NSW, Australia; Mildura Cardiol, Mildura, Vic, Australia; Calvary Clin, Bruce, ACT, Australia; Alfred Hosp, Prahran, Vic, Australia; Northern Cardiol & Specialist Clin, Elizabeth Vale, SA, Australia; Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Woodville, SA, Australia; Gosford Hosp, Gosford, NSW, Australia; Wesley Med Ctr, Auchenflower, Qld, Australia; Ballarat Hlth Serv, Ballarat, Vic, Australia; Royal Hobart Hosp, Hobart, Tas, Australia; Prince Charles Hosp, Chermside, Qld, Australia; Adelaide Med Res, Ashford, SA, Australia; Nambour Gen Hosp, Nambour, Qld, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hosp, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia; Cairns Hosp, Cairns, Qld, Australia; St George Hosp, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; Redcliffe Hosp, Redcliffe, Qld, Australia; Univ Klinikum Graz, Graz, Austria; Univ Klinikum Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Vorarlberg Inst Vaskulare Forsch VIVIT, Feldkirch, Austria; Wilhelminenspital Stadt Wien, Vienna, Austria; KH Barmherzigen Bruder Eisenstadt, Kardiol & Nephrol, Eisenstadt, Austria; Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung Stadt Wien, Vienna, Austria; Mariaziekenhuis Vzw, Overpelt, Belgium; AZ St Lucas, Ghent, Belgium; Clin St Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium; CHU Tivoli, La Louviere, Belgium; CHR Citadelle, Liege, Belgium; ZOL, Genk, Belgium; Private Practice, Tienen, Belgium; ZNA Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium; Clin St Jean, Brussels, Belgium; AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium; UCL St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; AZ St Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium; Heilig Hart Ziekenhuis, Mol, Belgium; ZNA Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium; Imelda Hosp, Bonheiden, Belgium; OL Vrouwziekenhuis Campus Aalst, Aalst, Belgium; UZ Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium; AZ Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium; Heart Ctr BH, Tuzla, Bosnia & Herceg; Univ Med Ctr Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia & Herceg; Cantonal Hosp Dr Irfan Ljubijank Bihac, Bihac, Bosnia & Herceg; Cantonal Hosp Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia & Herceg; Univ Clin Hosp Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia & Herceg; Clin Ctr Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia & Herceg; Reg Med Ctr Dr Safet Mujic, Mostar, Bosnia & Herceg; CARDRESEARCH Cardiol Assistencial & Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Hosp Coracao Brasil, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; INCOR Inst Coracao, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hosp Sao Francisco De Assis, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Hosp Univ Walter Cantidio, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Hosp Base Sao Jose Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hosp Univ Ulbra, Canoas, Brazil; Hosp Evangelico Curitiba, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; Inst Ensino Pesquisa Clin Ceara Ltda, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; Hosp Sao Vicente De Paulo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Inst Cardiol Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hosp Santa Isabel, Soc Div Providencia, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Santa Casa Misericordia Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Hosp Nossa Senhora Conceicao, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Soc Beneficiente Senhoras Hosp Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Ctr Cardiol & Radiol Intervencionista LTDA, Aparecida Goiania, Brazil; Hosp Vera Cruz NUPEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Hosp Sao Lucas PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Inst Ensino Consultoria & Pesquisa Clin LTDA ME, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; CPCLIN, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Clin LOEMA, Campinas, Brazil; Santa Casa Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Inst Coracao Triangulo, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil; CCBR Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil; IMV Inst Med Vasc Hosp Mae de Deus, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Soc Hosp Angelina Caron, Campina Grande Do Sul, Parana, Brazil; Santa Casa Curitiba, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; Esho Empresa Serv Hosp SA, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Fac Med ABC CEMEC, Sao Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil; Inst Molestias Cardiovasc Tatui IMC, Tatui, SP, Brazil; HCFMRP, Riberao, Preto, Brazil; Hosp Santa Izabel Santa Casa Misericordia Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Ctr Cardiol Clin & Pesquisa Dra Juliana Souz, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; FGM Clin Paulista Doencas Cardiovasc, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Barroso & Sebba Ltda, Goiania, Go, Brazil; Hosp Clin Gaspar Vianna, Belem, Para, Brazil; Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hosp Estadual Mario Covas, Santo Andre, Brazil; Inst Molestias Cardiovasc IMC Sao Jose do Rio Pre, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil; 2 MHAT, Sofia, Bulgaria; Univ Multiprofile Hosp Act Treatment Sveti Georgi, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Specialized Hosp Act Treatment Cardiol, Pleven, Bulgaria; UMHAT Dr Georgi Stranski, Pleven, Bulgaria; Multiprof Distr Hosp Act Treatment Dr St Cherkezo, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria; Multiprofile Hosp Act Treatment Burgas AD, Burgas, Bulgaria; Specialized Hosp Act Cardio Treatment Cardiolife, Varna, Bulgaria; MHAT Bratan Shukerov AD, Cardio Dept Inrtens Unite, Smoljan, Bulgaria; UMHAT Tzaritza Yoanna ISUL EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria; MHAT Sveti Vrach EOOD, Sandanski, Bulgaria; First Multiprofile Hosp Act Treatment Sofia EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria; MHAT Lyulin EAD Dept Internal Dis, Sofia, Bulgaria; MHAT Blagoevgrad AD, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria; MHAT Natl Cardiol Hosp EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria; UMHAT Alexandrovska EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria; NMT Hosp Tsar Boris III, Sofia, Bulgaria; Multiprofile Hosp Act Treatment Pazardzhik AD, Pazardzhik, Bulgaria; Fifth MHAT Sofia EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria; Dr MPJ Senaratne Professional Corp, Edmonton, AB, Canada; TotalCardiology, Calgary, AB, Canada; Surrey Mem Hosp, Surrey, BC, Canada; Ctr Hosp Beauce Etchemin, St Georges De Beauce, PQ, Canada; CardioVasc HR, St Jean, PQ, Canada; St Jerome Med Res Inc, St Jerome, PQ, Canada; Cambridge Cardiac Care Ctr, Cambridge, ON, Canada; Victoria Heart Inst Fdn, Victoria, BC, Canada; Ctr Hosp Pierre Le Gardeur, Terrebonne, PQ, Canada; Vizel Cardiac Res, Cambridge, ON, Canada; Discovery Clin Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada; GA Res Associates Ltd, Moncton, NB, Canada; Ctr Sante & Serv Sociaux Haute Yamaska, Granby, PQ, Canada; Ctr Depistage & Rech Cardiovasc Rive Sud, Longueuil, PQ, Canada; Gen Hosp Hlth Sci Ctr, St John, NF, Canada; Ctr Hosp Reg Lanaudiere, Joliette, PQ, Canada; Cape Breton Reg Hosp, Sydney, NS, Canada; Ctr Hosp Reg Trois Rivieres, Trois Rivieres, PQ, Canada; Clin Cardiol Levis, Levis, PQ, Canada; Newmarket Cardiol Res Grp, Newmarket, ON, Canada; Royal Alexandra Hosp, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Royal Columbian Hosp, New Westminster, BC, Canada; Thunder Bay Reg Hlth Sci Ctr, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada; Ottawa Heart Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Red Deer Reg Hosp Ctr, Red Deer, AB, Canada; Scarborough Cardiol Res, Scarborough, ON, Canada; St Boniface Gen Hosp, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Hotel Dieu Ctr Hosp Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; Hamilton Gen Hosp, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Lakeridge Hlth Oshawa, Oshawa, ON, Canada; Ctr Sante & Serv Sociaux Reg Thetford Rech, Thetford Mines, PQ, Canada; St Johns Hosp, St John, NB, Canada; Laval Hosp, Quebec Heart Inst, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Rech GCP Res, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Penticton Reg Hosp, Penticton, BC, Canada; Montreal Gen Hosp, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Queen Elizabeth 2 Hlth Sci Ctr, Halifax, NS, Canada; Med Profess Corp, St Catharines, ON, Canada; Ctr Invest Clin Cics, Temuco, Chile; Corp Beneficencia Osorno, Osorno, Chile; Hosp Clin Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile; Univ Catolica, Ctr Invest Clin, Santiago, Chile; Hosp Barros Luco, Santiago, Chile; Hosp Salvador, Santiago, Chile; Hosp Naval Almirante Nef Vina del Mar, Vina Del Mar, Chile; Hosp Clin Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Clin Alemana Santiago, Santiago, Chile; Hosp Clin Reg Dr Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepcion, Chile; Psicomed Clin & Res Grp, Santiago, Chile; Biomed Res Grp, Santiago, Chile; Clin Univ Catolica Maule, Talca, Chile; Estudios Clin V Reg Ltda, Vina Del Mar, Chile; Hosp & CRS El Pino, Santiago, Chile; Guangdong Gen Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China; Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China; Wenzhou Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Wenzhou, Peoples R China; Siping Cent Peoples Hosp, Siping, Peoples R China; Guangdong Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp, Zhanjiang, Peoples R China; Tianjin Union Med Ctr, Tianjin, Peoples R China; Yanbian Univ Hosp, Yanji, Peoples R China; TEDA Int Cardiovasc Hosp, Tianjin, Peoples R China; Tianjin Med Univ, Gen Hosp, Tianjin, Peoples R China; Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Mem Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China; Peking Univ, Hosp 1, Beijing, Peoples R China; Jilin Prov Peoples Hosp, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China; Xuzhou Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Guizhou Prov Peoples Hosp, Guiyang, Guizhou, Peoples R China; Third Mil Med Univ, Xinqiao Hosp, Chongqing, Peoples R China; Shenzhen Peoples Hosp, Shenzhen, Peoples R China; Shandong Univ, Jinan Cent Hosp Affiliated, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China; Affiliated Hosp NJMU, Nanjing Drum Tower Hosp, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Wuhan Asian Heart Hosp, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China; Nanchang Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China; Fujian Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peoples R China; Third Peoples Hosp Hubei Prov, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China; Tianjin 4th Ctr Hosp, Tianjin, Peoples R China; Southeast Univ, Zhongda Hosp, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China; Beijing Chaoyang Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China; China Japan Friendship Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China; Baotou Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Baotou, Peoples R China; Lanzhou Univ, Hosp 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China; Nanchang Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China; Nanjing Mil Command, Fuzhou Gen Hosp, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; Chinese Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China; China Aerosp Corp, Cent Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China; Jilin Univ, Hosp 1, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China; China Med Univ, Shengjing Hosp, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China; Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China; Shanghai East Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China; Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China; Shanghai First Peoples Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China; Zhejiang Hosp, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; Zhejiang Prov Peoples Hosp, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 3, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China; Capital Med Univ, Beijing Anzhen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China; Inner Mongolia Peoples Hosp, Hohhot, Peoples R China; Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China; Hunan Prov Peoples Hosp, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China; First Peoples Hosp Yueyang, Yueyang, Peoples R China; Capital Med Univ, Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China; Fudan Univ, Zhongshan Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China; Zhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; Lanzhou Univ, Hosp 2, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Chest Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China; Shaanxi Prov Peoples Hosp, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China; Soochow Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Suzhou, Peoples R China; Zhejiang Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; Ctr Med Ejercicio & Rehabilitac Cardiaca, Medellin, Colombia; Fdn Cardiomet Eje Cafetero CEQUIN, Armenia, Quindio, Colombia; Hosp Santa Clara, Bogota, Colombia; IPS Rodrigo Botero SAS, Medellin, Colombia; Asociac IPS Med Internistas Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Clin Costa ltda, Barranquilla, Colombia; Fdn Oftalmolog FOSCAL, Bucaramanga, Colombia; Caja Compensac Familiar CAFAM, Bogota, Colombia; Fdn Ctr Invest Biomed Riescard, Espinal Tolima, Colombia; IPS Ctr Med Julian Coronel SA, Cali, Valle, Colombia; IPS Ctr Cient Asistencial Jose Luis Accini SAS, Barranquilla, Colombia; Ctr Cardiovasc Colombiano Clin Santa Maria, Medellin, Colombia; Ctr Med Imbanaco Cali SA, Cali, Valle, Colombia; Ctr Diagnost Cardiol LTDA, Cartagena, Colombia; Ctr Cardiovasc Aristides Sotomayor Santa Lucia SA, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia; SIMEDICS IPS SAS, Bogota, Colombia; Fdn Caribe Invest Biomed, Barranquilla, Colombia; FN Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Krajska Nemocnice Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic; Fak Nemocnice Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Fak Nemocnice Motole, Prague, Czech Republic; InterkardioML SRO, Interni Kardiol Ambulance, Marianske Lazne, Czech Republic; Vseobecna Fak Nemocnice Praze, Prague, Czech Republic; Nemocnice Pardubickeho Kraje AS, Pardubice, Czech Republic; Mestska Nemocnice Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Fak Nemocnice Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic; Ctr Choroby Srdce Cev, Kromeriz, Czech Republic; Krajska Nemocnice Tomase Bati AS, Zlin, Czech Republic; Inst Klin Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic; Oblastni Nemocnice Kladno AS, Kladno, Czech Republic; Thomayerova Nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic; Fak Nemocnice Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic; KARDIO SEVER SRO, Ceska Lipa, Czech Republic; Kardiol Ambulance, Rakovnik, Czech Republic; Nemocnice Na Homolce, Prague, Czech Republic; Fak Nemocnice Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Kardiol SRO, Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic; Cardioctr Kladno SRO, PP Klin Kladno, Kladno, Czech Republic; Dep Cardiol, Aalborg, Denmark; Rigshosp Hjertecentret, Copenhagen, Denmark; Region Hosp Herning, Herning, Denmark; Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Hvidovre, Denmark; Reg Hosp Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark; Gentofte Univ Hosp, Hellerup, Denmark; Naestved Sygehus, Naestved, Denmark; Sygehus Lillebaelt, Vejle Sygehus, Vejle, Denmark; Glostrup Cty Hosp, Glostrup, Denmark; Sjaellands Univ Hosp Koge, Koge, Denmark; Holbaek Sygehus, Holbaek, Denmark; Slagelse Sygehus, Slagelse, Denmark; Reg Hosp Viborg, Viborg, Denmark; Hillerod Hosp, Hillerod, Denmark; Sygehus Sonderjylland, Aabenraa, Denmark; Odense Univ Hosp, Odense C, Denmark; SA Viljandi Haigla, Viljandimaa, Estonia; SA Parnu Haigla, Parnu, Estonia; AS Ida Tallinna Keskhaigla, Tallinn, Estonia; SA Tartu Ulikooli Kliinikum, Tartu, Estonia; Mustamae Tervisekeskus OU, Tallinn, Estonia; Helsinki Univ Hosp, Biomed, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Univ Hosp, Div Cardiol, Helsinki, Finland; Turku Univ Hosp, Ctr Heart, Turku, Finland; Tampere Univ Hosp, Ctr Heart, Tampere, Finland; Tampere Univ Hosp, Internal Med, Tampere, Finland; Univ Hosp Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Univ Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Hop Cardiol Haut Leveque, Pessac, France; Hop Louis Pasteur, Nice, France; Nouvel Hop Civil, Strasbourg, France; Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France; CHU Albert Michallon, Grenoble, France; CHU Brest, Hop Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; CHU Dijon Bocage Cent, Dijon, France; Hop Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Hop Arnaud Villeneuve, Montpellier, France; Ctr Hosp Cambrai, Cambrai, France; Ctr Hosp Gen, Pau, France; Hop St Antoine, Paris, France; Hop Nord Marseille, Marseille, France; CH Compiegne Noyon, Compiegne, France; CHU Jean Minjoz, Besancon, France; CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France; CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Clin St Hilaire, Rouen, France; Inst Hosp Jacques Cartier, Massy, France; Aleksandr Aladashvili Clin LLC, Tbilisi, Georgia; Tbilisi Heart & Vasc Clin Ltd, Tbilisi, Georgia; Ctr Vasc & Heart Dis, Tbilisi, Georgia; Unimed Ajara Batumi Refferal Hosp, Batumi, Georgia; LTD Clin LJ, Kutaisi, Georgia; St Johannes Hosp, Dortmund, Germany; Charite Univ Med Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Studienzentrum Dr Appel, Kassel, Germany; Cardiologicum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; GFO Kliniken Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, Bielefeld, Germany; Joseph Hosp Warendorf, Warendorf, Germany; DRK Kliniken Berlin Kopenick, Berlin, Germany; MediClin Fachklin Rhein Ruhr, Essen, Germany; Univ Herzzentrum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Inst Klin Forschung, Rotenburg, Germany; Klinikum Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Univ Klinikum Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany; Univ Klinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Univ Klinikum Halle Saale, Halle, Saale, Germany; ClinPhenomics GmbH & Co KG, Frankfurt, Germany; Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; Univ Herzzentrum Hamburg GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; FAZ Dresden Neustadt GbR, Dresden, Germany; Univ Klinikum Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Univ Klinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Univ Herzzentrum Freiburg Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany; St Marien Hosp Hamm, Hamm, Germany; Univ Klinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Robert Bosch Krankenhaus GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany; Sana Kliniken Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany; Klin See, Rudersdorf, Germany; Univ Klinikum Munster, Munster, Germany; HPK Heidelberger Privatklin Kardiol, Heidelberg, Germany; Krankenhausgesell St Vincenz mbH, Limburg, Germany; DreifaltigkeitsHosp Lippstadt, Lippstadt, Germany; MVZ Ambulantes Kardiol Zentrum Peine GbR, Peine, Germany; Konstantopouleio Gen Hosp Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece; Skylitseio Gen Hosp Chios, Chios, Greece; Asklipeio Gen Hosp, Athens, Greece; Sismanogleio Gen Hosp Attica, Maroussi, Greece; Univ Gen Hosp Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Ippokrateio Gen Hosp, Athens, Greece; Ippokrateio Gen Hosp, Thessaloniki, Greece; Univ Gen Hosp Heraklion, Iraklion, Greece; Univ Gen Hosp Patra, Patras, Greece; Attikon Univ Gen Hosp, Athens, Greece; AHEPA Hosp Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Cilin Res Ctr, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Clin Med Dr Arango, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Unidad Diagnost Cardiol, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Prince Wales Hosp, Shatin, Peoples R China; Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; Fejer Megyei Szent Gyorgy Egyet Oktato Korhaz, Szekesfehervar, Hungary; Semmelweis Egyet Varosmajori Sziv Es Ergyogyaszat, Budapest, Hungary; Magyar Honvedseg Egeszsegugyi Kozpont, Budapest, Hungary; Szegedi Tudomanyegyet, Szeged, Hungary; Zala Megyei Szent Rafael Korhaz, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary; Markusovszky Egyet Oktatokorhaz, Szombathely, Hungary; Bekes Megyei Kozponti Korhaz, Gyula, Hungary; Debreceni Egyet Klin Kozpont, Debrecen, Hungary; Markhot Ferenc Oktatokorhaz & Rendelointezet, Eger, Hungary; Pecsi Tudomanyegyet Klin Kozpont, Pecs, Hungary; Bajcsy Zsilinszky Korhaz & Rendeloint, Budapest, Hungary; Allami Szivkorhaz Balatonfured, Balatonfured, Hungary; Omega Hosp, Mangalore, India; Artemis Hlth Inst, Gurgaon, India; Sunshine Hosp, Secunderabad, India; Mediciti Hosp, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Krishna Inst Med Sci, Secunderabad, India; Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Med Coll & Gen Hosp, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Nirmal Hosp Pvt Ltd, Surat, India; Seth GS Med Coll & KEM Hosp, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; KR Hosp, Mysore, Karnataka, India; Apollo Hosp, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; SSKM Hosp, ICVS IPGME&R, Kolkata, India; Aster Aadhar Hosp, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India; BM Birla Heart Res Ctr, Kolkata, India; Sir Ganga Ram Hosp, Dharma Vira Heart Ctr, Delhi, India; Niramay Hosp, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Fortis Hosp, Gurgaon, India; Meditrina Inst Med Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Med Coll & Hosp, Kolkata, India; KLEs Dr Prabhakar Kore Hosp & Med Res Ctr, Belgaum, India; Andhra Hosp, Vijaywada, India; Dr Ramesh Cardiac & Multispeciality Hosp Ltd, Vijayawada, India; UGH Vintage Hosp & Med Res Ctr Pvt Ltd, Panaji, Goa, India; Crescent Hosp & Heart Clin, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Manipal Hosp, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Satguru Pratap Singh Apollo Hosp, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; Magnum Heart Inst, Nasik, India; Shrikrishna Hrudayalay & Crit Care Ctr, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Krishna Inst Med Sci Deemed Univ, Karad, Maharashtra, India; Medanta Medicity, New Delhi, India; Max Super Special Hosp, Delhi, India; Sanjeevan Hosp, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Deemed Univ, Wardha, India; Maharashtra Med Fdn Joshi Hosp, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Max Heart & Vasc Inst, New Delhi, India; SRM Med Coll Hosp & Res Ctr, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Bahnubhai & Madhuben Patel Cardiac Ctr, Karamsad, India; St Johns Med Coll & Hosp, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Madras Med Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; SR Kalla Mem Gastro & Gen Hosp, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; KEM Hosp, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Kamal Nayan Bajaj Hosp, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India; Chinmaya Narayana Superspecil Hosp, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Mahavir Hosp & Res Ctr, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; AMC MET Med Coll & Sheth L G Gen Hosp, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India; BJ Govt Med Coll & Sassoon Gen Hosp, Pune, Maharashtra, India; NH Narayana Multispecialty Hosp, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Lisie Hosp, Cochin, Kerala, India; Deenanath Mangeshkar Hosp, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Jehangir Clin Dev Ctr, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Western Galilee Med Ctr, Nahariyya, Israel; Sheba MC, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Meir Med Ctr, Kefar Sava, Israel; Tel Aviv Sourasky MC, Tel Aviv, Israel; Hadassah Ein Kerem MC, Jerusalem, Israel; Bnai Zion Med Ctr, Haifa, Israel; Barzilai Govt Hosp, Ashqelon, Israel; Soroka Med Ctr, Beer Sheva, Israel; Holy Family Hosp, Nazareth, Israel; Shaare Zedek Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel; Rambam MC, Haifa, Israel; Haemek Med Ctr, Afula, Israel; Ziv Med Ctr, Safed, Israel; Rabin Mc Belinson Campus, Petah Tiqwa, Israel; Kaplan Med Ctr, Rehovot, Israel; Baruch Padeh Med Ctr, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel; Wolfson Mc, Holon, Israel; Assaf Harofe Med Ctr, Zerifin, Israel; Osped Infermi Rimini, Rimini, Italy; UO Med Gen Osped Vittorio Veneto, Vittorio Veneto, Italy; Azienda Osped S Anna, Ferrara, Italy; Osped E Moscatello, Salerno, Italy; Policlin Monza, Monza, Italy; Fdn Poliambulanza, Ist Osped, Brescia, Italy; Ctr Cardiol Fdn Monzino, Milan, Italy; ASST Papa Giovanni XXII, Bergamo, Italy; Azienda Osped Monaldi, Naples, Italy; A O Univ Policlin P Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Azienda Osped Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Policlinico San Marco, Ist Osped Bergam, Osio Sotto, Bergamo, Italy; Osped Cuore, Fdn Toscana G Monasterio Presidio Massa, Massa Carrara, Italy; Osped S Maria Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Osped Civile Livorno, Div Cardiol UTIC, Livorno, Italy; Osped Morgagni Pierantoni, Forli Cesena, Italy; Osped Bolognini, Bergamo, Italy; Osped San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; A O Guido Salvini P O Passirana, Milan, Italy; Azienda Osped Maggiore Carita, Novara, Italy; Azienda Osped San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy; Osped Civile Treviso Presidio Osped Ca Foncello, Treviso, Italy; Az Osped Univ Federico II, Naples, Italy; IRCCS Fdn Don Gnocchi Ctr S Maria Nacente, Milan, Italy; Hiroshima City Hosp, Hiroshima, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hosp, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Kokura Mem Hosp, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan; Rinku Gen Med Ctr, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan; Iwate Med Univ Hosp, Morioka, Iwate, Japan; Minamino Cardiovascular Hosp, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; Yokohama City Univ Med Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Tokushima Red Cross Hosp, Komatsushima, Tokushima, Japan; Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hosp, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Urasoe Gen Hosp, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan; Natl Hlth Insurance Komatsu Municipal Hosp, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan; Nihon Univ Itabashi Hosp, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Saiseikai Senri Hosp, Suitashi, Osaka, Japan; Kanazawa Med Ctr, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan; Mito Med Ctr, Higashiibaraki, Ibaraki, Japan; Fukuoka Higashi Med Ctr, Koga, Fukuoka, Japan; Tokushima Prefectural Cent Hosp, Tokushima, Japan; Showa Univ Hosp, Shinagawa Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Teikyo Univ Hosp, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Shin Koga Hosp, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan; Higashi Hiroshima Med Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Japan; Kobe Med Ctr, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Fukuoka City Med Assoc Hosp, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Kusatsu Gen Hosp, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan; Kobe Univ Hosp, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Kyoto Univ Hosp, Kyoto, Japan; Kitasato Univ Hosp, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Sakurabashi Watanabe Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Tokyo Saiseikai Cent Hosp, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Saiseikai Kumamoto Hosp, Kumamoto, Japan; Kobe City Med Ctr Gen Hosp, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Kure Med Ctr, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan; Chugoku Canc Ctr, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan; Kansai Rosai Hosp, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Minami Osaka Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Nerima Hosp, Nerima Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Caress Sapporo Tokeidai Mem Clin, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Osaka Natl Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Amagasaki New Town Hosp, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan; Kumamoto Med Ctr, Kumamoto, Japan; Yonsei Univ, Wonju Severance Christian Hosp, Wonju, Gangwon Do, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ Hosp, Daegu, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea; DongA Univ Med Ctr, Busan, South Korea; Chonnam Natl Univ Hosp, Gwangju, South Korea; Korea Univ, Guro Hosp, Seoul, South Korea; KyungHee Univ Hosp Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea; Pusan Univ Hosp, Busan, South Korea; Adoria, Sabiedriba Ierobezotu Atbildibu, Riga, Latvia; SIA Daugavpils Reg Slimn, Daugavpils, Latvia; Rigas Austrumu Klin Univ Slimn, SIA, Riga, Latvia; Pauls Stradins Clin Univ Hosp, Riga, Latvia; Reg Hosp Liepaja, Liepaja, Latvia; Vilnius Univ Hosp, Santaros Klin, Vilnius, Lithuania; Clin Cardiol & Rehabil, Klaipeda, Lithuania; Hosp Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania; Klaipeda Seamens Hosp, Klaipeda, Lithuania; Private Med Ctr Kardivita, Vilnius, Lithuania; Private Cardiol Clin Sirdies Namai, Vilnius, Lithuania; Elite Med, Kaunas, Lithuania; Cardiol Diagnost Ctr, Tetovo, North Macedonia; Clin Hosp Dr Trifun Panovski, Bitola, North Macedonia; Mil Med Ctr, Skopje, North Macedonia; PHI Clin Hosp Shtip, Shtip, North Macedonia; Sarawak Gen Hosp, Kuching, Malaysia; Univ Teknol MARA UiTM, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Hosp Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Inst Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Queen Elizabeth Hosp II, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia; Hosp Univ Sains Malaysia, Kota Baharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Cardiolink Clin Trials SC, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Hosp Cent Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; CINCAME Ctr Invest Cardiovasc & Metabol, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Lahoja Asociac Invest & Farmacovigilancia SC, Durango, Durango, Mexico; Fdn Cardiovasc Aguascalientes AC, Aguascalientes, Mexico; Ctr Estudios Clin Queretaro SC, Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico; Unidad Prevenc & Atenc Metabol, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico; Ctr Desarrollo Med & Asistencia Med Especializada, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; Ctr Alta Especialidad Dr Rafael Lucio, Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; UMAE Hosp Cardiol, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico; Antiguo Hosp Civil Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Hosp Univ Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Hosp Cardiol Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico; Inst Nacl Cardiol Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico; Avix Invest Clin SC, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; INBIOMEDYC Toluca, Toluca, Mexico; Clin Integral Paciente Diabetico & Obeso, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico; OSMO Oaxaca Site Management Org SC, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico; IMED Internal Med Clin Trials, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Med Ctr Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, Netherlands; Diaconessenhuis Meppel, Meppel, Netherlands; Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands; D&A Res, Sneek, Netherlands; Vasculair Onderzoeks Ctr BV, Hoorn, Netherlands; Ziekenhuis Bernhoven, Uden, Netherlands; Admiraal De Ruiter Ziekenhuis, Goes, Netherlands; Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands; Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands; Catharina Hosp, Eindhoven, Netherlands; VieCuri Med Ctr Noord Limburg, Venlo, Netherlands; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, Netherlands; Gelre Ziekenhuis Zutphen, Zutphen, Netherlands; Martini Ziekenhuis, Groningen, Netherlands; Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Iocatie Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Netherlands; St Elizabeth Hosp, Tilburg, Netherlands; OLVG Iocatie Oost, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Bravis Ziekenhuis, Roosendaal, Netherlands; OLVG Iocatie Oost, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Ziekenhuis Rivierenland, Tiel, Netherlands; Ropcke Zweers Ziekenhuis, Hardenberg, Netherlands; Reinier Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, Netherlands; Gelre Diagnost Ctr, Apeldoorn, Netherlands; Zaans Med Ctr, Zaandam, Netherlands; St Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, Netherlands; St Antonius Hosp, Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Waterlandziekenhuis, Purmerend, Netherlands; Tjongerschans Hosp Heerenveen, Heerenveen, Netherlands; Maasstad Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Rijnstate Ziekenhuis, Arnhem, Netherlands; Isala Klin, Zwolle, Netherlands; Christchurch Hosp, Canterbury, New Zealand; Dunedin Publ Hosp, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand; Waikato Hosp, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand; Middlemore Hosp, Auckland, New Zealand; North Shore Hosp, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland City Hosp, Auckland, New Zealand; Wellington Hosp, Wellington, New Zealand; Taranaki Base Hosp, New Plymouth, Taranaki, New Zealand; Nelson Hosp, Nelson, New Zealand; Lakes Dist Hlth Board, Rotorua, Bay Plenty, New Zealand; Hutt Valley Dist Hlth Board, Wellington, New Zealand; Svelvik Legesenter, Svelvik, Norway; Helse Bergen HF, Bergen, Norway; Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Kongsvinger, Norway; Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Hamar, Norway; Oslo Univ HF, Oslo, Norway; Sorlandet Sykehus HF Arendal, Arendal, Norway; Stavanger Helseforskning AS, Stavanger, Norway; Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Tynset, Norway; Novocardio Ctr Invest & Atenc Cardiovasc, Lima, Peru; Hosp Maria Auxiliadora, Ctr Invesgac Med, Lima, Peru; Clin Internac Sede San Borja, Lima, Peru; Clin Javier Prado, Lima, Peru; Hosp Nacl Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru; Hosp Nacl Daniel Alcides Carr, Callao, Peru; Clin San Gabriel Consultorio 316, Lima, Peru; Clin Virgen Maria Auxiliadora, Piura, Peru; Clin Med San Martin EIRL, Ica, Peru; Clin Peruano Amer, Trujillo, Peru; Clin Div Nino Jesus Orden Malta, San Juan De Miraflores, Peru; Hosp Nacl Carlos Alberto Seguin Escobedo, Arequipa, Peru; Hosp Nacl Hipolito Unanue, Lima, Peru; Hosp Cent Fuerza Aerea Peruana, Lima, Peru; Hosp Nacl Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hosp Nivel IV Adolfo Guevara Velasco, Cuzco, Peru; Philippine Heart Ctr, Quezon City, Philippines; Ospital Ng Makati Diabet Clin, Makati, Philippines; St Pauls Hosp, Iloilo, Philippines; Perpetual Succour Hosp, Cebu Heart Inst, Cebu, Philippines; Davao Doctors Hosp, Davao, Philippines; Community Hlth & Dev Cooperat Hosp, Davao, Philippines; St Lukes Med Ctr, Quezon City, Philippines; Manila Doctors Hosp, Manila, Philippines; Cebu Doctors Univ Hosp, Cebu, Philippines; Miedziowe Ctr Zdrowia, Lubin, Poland; Wojewodzki Szpital Zespolony L Rydygiera, Torun, Poland; Prywatne Ctr Kardiol, Torun, Poland; Poradnia Kardiol Ctr Med Ogrodowa, Skierniewice, Poland; Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska, Szczecin, Poland; Samodzielny Pub Spec Szp Zachodni Jana Pawla II, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland; 10 Wojskowy Szpital Klin Poliklin, Bydgoszcz, Poland; NZOZ Specjalistyczna Przychodnia Lekarska Medikar, Plock, Poland; NZOZ Srodmiescie Sp Zoo, Gdynia, Poland; Centrum Kardiol Pro Corde Sp Zoo, Wroclaw, Poland; Szpital Sw Wojciecha, COPERNICUS Podmiot Leczniczy Sp Zoo, Gdansk, Poland; Ctr Med Dr Sudnik S C W J Sudnik, Sokolka, Poland; Malopolskie Centrum Sercowo Naczyniowe, Chrzanow, Poland; SPZOZ Lecznej, Leczna, Poland; Przychodnia Lecznice CITOMED Sp Z Oo, Torun, Poland; B Miklaszewicz D Dabrowski CARDIAMED Spolka Jawna, Legnica, Poland; Szpital Uniwersytecki Dr A Jurasza, Bydgoszcz, Poland; 5 Wojskowy Szpital Klin Poliklin SPZOZ, Krakow, Poland; Ctr Med Nasze Zdrowie, Warsaw, Poland; Gabinet Kardiol Internistyczny, Gdynia, Poland; NZOZ Ctr Med Sc, Czeladz, Poland; SPZOZ, Olawa, Poland; NZOZ Neuro Kard Ilkowski Partnerzy, Poznan, Poland; Lubelskie Ctr Diagnostyczne, Swidnik, Poland; Wojewodzkie Ctru Szpitalne Kotliny Jeleniogors, Jelenia Gora, Poland; Poliklinika Evi, Gdynia, Poland; Osrodek Med Rodzinnej Sp Zoo, Sobotka, Poland; SPZOZ Wegrowie, Wegrow, Poland; Szpital Specjalistyczny J Dietla, Krakow, Poland; SPZOZ Pulawach, Pulawy, Poland; Indywidualna Specjalistyczna Praktyka Lekarska A, Lodz, Poland; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny, Olsztyn, Poland; Clin Res Grp Sp Zoo, Warsaw, Poland; Ctr Hosp Univ Coimbra, Hosp Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Ctr Hosp Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal; Hosp Garcia De Orta, Almada, Portugal; Hosp Divino Espirito Santo, Ponta, Portugal; Ctr Hosp De Setubal EPE, Setuba, Portugal; Hosp Vila Franca De Xira, Vila Franca De Xira, Portugal; Spitalul Judetean Urgenta Braila, Braila, Portugal; Spitalul Clin Judetean Urgenta, Craiova, Portugal; SC CARDIOMED SRL, Iasi, Romania; SCUMC Dr Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania; Podoleanu G Cristian Gheorghe Calin, Targu Mures, Romania; SC Medcon SRL, Buzau, Romania; Spitalul Judetean Urgenta Sf Pantelimon Focsani, Focsani, Romania; Cardiomed SRL, Craiova, Romania; Spitalul Clin Judetean Urgenta Pius Branzeu, Timisoara, Romania; Spitalul Clin Judetean Urgenta Constanta, Constanta, Romania; Inst Urgenta Pentru Boli Cardiovasculare Si Trans, Targu Mures, Romania; Impatients SRL, Codlea, Romania; Clin Hosp NA Mirotvo, Fac Therapy Dept, Saratov, Russia; Reg Clin Cardiol Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; City Clin Hosp 64, Moscow, Russia; Sci Res Inst Complex Problems Cardi, Kemerovo, Russia; Res Inst Cardiol, Tomsk, Russia; Saratov Sci Res Inst Cardiol, Saratov, Russia; Med Mil Acad Na SM Kirov, St Petersburg, Russia; City Hosp 38, St Petersburg, Russia; Pokrovskaya City Hosp, St Petersburg, Russia; Cent Med Unit 122, St Petersburg, Russia; City Clin Hosp 71, Moscow, Russia; Cent Clin Hosp Polyclin, Moscow, Russia; City Clin Hosp Na Eramishantsev, Moscow, Russia; State Autonomous Inst Healthcare Tyumen Region, Tyumen, Russia; City Emergency Hosp 2, Rostov Na Donu, Russia; Therapeut Dept Clin Hosp Na NA Semash, Yaroslavl, Russia; Omsk City Clin Hosp 1, Omsk, Russia; State Budgetary Healthcare Inst Clin Med Sani, Perm, Russia; City Clin Hosp 40, Dept Healthcare, Moscow, Russia; Altay Reg Cardiol Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; City Clin Hosp NA Botkin, Moscow Healthcare Dept, Moscow, Russia; Inst Therapy & Prevent Med, Novosibirsk, Russia; City Clin Hosp 25, Novosibirsk, Russia; City Clin Hosp 5 Nizhni Novgorod Dist, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia; Ryazan Reg Clin Cardiol Dispensary, Ryazan, Russia; City Clin Hosp 15 NA Filatov, Moscow, Russia; State Med Uni, MSHI City Clin Hosp 7, Kazan, Russia; Reg Clin Hosp, Saratov, Russia; Natl Res Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, Russia; City Clin Hosp 19, Novosibirsk, Russia; Tyumen Cardiol Ctr, Tyumen, Russia; St Petersburg State Med Univ, St Petersburg, Russia; City Clin Hosp Na Veresaev, Moscow, Russia; Reg Clin Hosp 1, Krasnodar, Russia; Voronezh City Clin Hosp, Emergency Med Care 1, Voronezh, Russia; St Petersburg II Dzhanelidze Res Inst Emer, St Petersburg, Russia; St Lukes Clin Hosp, St Petersburg, Russia; Mil Med Acad Na Kirov, St Petersburg, Russia; St George Martyr City Hosp, St Petersburg, Russia; Gen Hosp Sremska Mitrov, Sremska Mitrov, Serbia; Clin Ctr Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; Inst Cardiovasc Dis Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia; Gen Hosp Pancevo, Pancevo, Serbia; Clin Ctr Nis, Nish, Serbia; Inst Treatment & Rehabil Niska Banja, Nish, Serbia; Clin Hosp Ctr Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia; Gen Hosp Leskovac, Leskovac, Serbia; Clin Hosp Ctr Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia; Clin Hosp Ctr Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia; Gen Hosp Valjevo, Valjevo, Serbia; Mil Med Acad, Belgrade, Serbia; Clin Ctr Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Inst Cardiovasc Dis Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; Clin Hosp Ctr Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia; Natl Univ Singapore Hosp, Singapore, Singapore; Alexandra Hosp, Singapore, Singapore; Kardiomed Sro, Interna Kardiol Klin, Lucenec, Slovakia; Interna Kardiol Ambulancia KARDIO1 Sro, Lucenec, Slovakia; Cardio D&R Sro, Kosice, Slovakia; Kardiolog Interna Ambulancia Interna SK Sro, Svidnik, Slovakia; Kardiol Ambulancia, Nitra, Slovakia; Kardiol Interna Ambulancia CORP Sro, Kosice, Slovakia; Kardiol Interna Ambulancia Kardioonkol Sro, Dolny Kubin, Slovakia; Sukromna Interna Kardiol Ambulancia, Kosice, Slovakia; Alian Sro, Bardejov, Slovakia; Kardiol Ambulancia Medicentrum Heart Sro, Kralovsky Chlmec, Slovakia; Nestatna Interna Kardiol Ambulancia, Kosice, Slovakia; Medivasa Sro, Zilina, Slovakia; Univ Nemocn Bratislava, Interna Klin 1, Bratislava, Slovakia; Sciens Sro, Trebisov, Slovakia; Univ Nemocn Bratislava Ruzinov, Interna Klin 5, Bratislava, Slovakia; Kardiol Interna Sonograficka Amb KardioSanus Sro, Bratislava, Slovakia; Interna Kardiol Angiol Ambul Medikard Sro, Presov, Slovakia; Univ Nemocn Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia; Gen Hosp Celje, Celje, Slovenia; Gen Hosp Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenia; Gen Hosp Izola, Izola, Slovenia; Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Div Med, Dept Vasc Med, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Div Med, Dept Cardiol, Ljubljana, Slovenia; TREAD Res CC, Parow, South Africa; Nash Ranjith Res Ctr, Durban, South Africa; Panorma Medi Clin, Western Cape, South Africa; Durban Med Ctr, Suite 502, Durban, South Africa; Cardiol Res, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Cardiol Clin Res, Alberton, South Africa; Tiervlei Trial Ctr, Bellville, South Africa; SCION Clin Res, Pretoria, South Africa; Clin Projects Res SA Pty Ltd, Worcester, South Africa; Dr PJ Sebastian Private Practice, Chatsworth, South Africa; Vincent Palotti Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa; Kuils River Private Hosp, Western Cape, South Africa; Groote Schuur Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa; Dr Garda Cardiol Practice, Johannesburg, South Africa; Unitas Hosp, Pretoria, South Africa; Drs MI Sarvan R Moodley & Partners Inc, Tongaat, South Africa; Dr J Mynhardt Private Practice, Kimberley, South Africa; Milpark Hosp, Johannesburg, South Africa; Winelands Med Res Ctr, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Netcare Umhlanga Med Ctr, Durban, South Africa; Hosp Virgen Mar, Almeria, Spain; Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Hosp Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Hosp Clin Univ, Valencia, Spain; Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain; Hosp Virgen Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain; Complejo Hosp Univ Granada, Granada, Spain; Hosp Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain; Hosp Valle De Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hosp Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain; Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Clin Univ Santiago, Santiago De Compostela, Spain; Hosp San Pedro Alcantara, Caceres, Spain; Hosp Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Hosp Univ Ramon & Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain; Hosp Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Hosp Univ Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Spain; Hosp Univ Marques Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Hosp Juan Ramon Jimenez, Huelva, Spain; Hosp Principe Asturias, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Arnau Vilanova, Valencia, Spain; Hosp Univ Fdn Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Sabadell Corporacio Sanitaria Parc Tauli, Barcelona, Spain; Hosp Univ Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Hosp Univ Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; Hosp Joan 23, Tarragona, Spain; Hosp Univ Infanta Sofia, San Sebastian, Spain; Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Hosp Univ Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Hosp Gen Univ Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain; Hosp Univ Puerta Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain; Univ Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Natl Hosp Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Colombo South Teaching Hosp, Kalubowila, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hosp, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Natl Hosp Sri Lanka, Inst Cardiol, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Kandy Teaching Hosp, Kandy, Sri Lanka; Kurunegala Teaching Hosp, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka; Sri Jayawardenapura Gen Hosp, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Falu Lasarett, Falun, Sweden; Karolinska Univ, Hosp Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Univ Uppsala Hosp, Uppsala, Sweden; Soder Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Molndal, Sweden; Narsjukhuset Koping, Koping, Sweden; Skane Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Gothenburg, Sweden; Blekingesjukhuset Karlshamn, Karlshamn, Sweden; Centralsjukhuset Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden; Blekingesjukhuset Karlskrona, Karlskrona, Sweden; Hallands Sjukhus Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden; Lanssjukhuset Sundsvall Harnosand, Sundsvall, Sweden; Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland; Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Hopitaux Univ Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland; Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan; Natl Cheng Kung Univ Hosp, Tainan, Taiwan; Chung Shan Med Univ Hosp, Taichung, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Med Univ, Chung Ho Mem Hosp, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; HsinChu Mackay Mem Hosp, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan; Cheng Hsin Gen Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan; Chang Gung Mem Hosp Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Tri Serv Gen Hosp Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Mem Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan; Chi Mei Med Ctr, Tainan, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Maharat Nakhonratchasima Hosp, Moung, Thailand; Police Gen Hosp, Pratumwan, Thailand; Songklanagarind Hosp, Hat Yai, Thailand; Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Ramathibodi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand; Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok Noi, Thailand; Bhumibol Adulyadej Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand; Phramongkutklao Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand; Cent Chest Inst, Nonthaburi, Thailand; Thammasat Univ Hosp, Klongluang, Thailand; Mersin Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cardiol, Mersin, Turkey; Ege Univ, Dept Cardiyol, Med Fac, Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul Univ, Tip Fak, Izmir, Turkey; Marmara Univ Pendik Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Univ Kardiyoloji Enstitusu, Istanbul, Turkey; Cukurova Univ, Tip Fak, Adana, Turkey; Kartal Kosuyolu Yuksek Ihtisas Egitim Arastirma H, Istanbul, Turkey; Kocaeli Univ, Tip Fak, Kocaeli, Turkey; Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Tip Fak, Istanbul, Turkey; City Clin Hosp 1, Kiev, Ukraine; City Clin Hosp 27, Kharkov, Ukraine; Ivano Frankivsk Reg Clin Cardiol Ctr, Ivano Frankivsk, Ukraine; Railway Clin Hosp 2, Ctr Hlth, Kiev, Ukraine; Kyiv City Oleksandrivska Clin Hosp, Kiev, Ukraine; Kyiv City Clin Hosp 5, Dept Cardiol, Kiev, Ukraine; Kyiv Emergency Care Hosp, Kiev, Ukraine; City Hosp 1, Mykolaiv, Ukraine; Zhytomyr Reg Clin Hosp NA OF Gerbachevskyy, Zhytomyr, Ukraine; City Clin Hosp 8, Kharkov, Ukraine; Vinnitsya City Clin Hosp 1, Vinnitsya, Ukraine; Vinnytsia MI Pyrohov Reg Clin Hosp, Vinnytsia, Ukraine; Lviv Danylo Halytskyi Natl Med Univ, Lvov, Ukraine; Odesa Reg Clin Hosp, Odesa, Ukraine; Reg Med Ctr Cardiovascular Dis, Zaporizhia, Ukraine; Khmelnytskyi Reg Hosp, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine; Publ Inst Cent City Hosp 2, Zhytomyr, Ukraine; Kyiv City Oleksandrivska Clin Hosp, Kiev, Ukraine; Chernivtsi Reg Clin Cardiol Ctr, Chernovtsy, Ukraine; Lviv Reg Clin Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Lvov, Ukraine; MD Strazhesko Inst Cardiol AMS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; Zakarpattya Reg Cardiol Dispensary, Uzhgorod, Ukraine; State Inst LT Malaya Inst Ther AMS Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine; Lutsk City Clin Hosp, Lutsk, Ukraine; Donetsk Natl Med Univ M Gorkiy, Donetsk, Ukraine; Policlin Ofadm Med Serv & Rehabil ARTEM, Kiev, Ukraine; City Clin Hosp 6 Emergency Med Care, Simferopol, Ukraine; Dnipropetrovsk Reg Clin Ctr Cardiol, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine; City Clin Hosp 3, Odessa, Ukraine; MM Amosov Natl Inst Cardiovascular Surg, Kiev, Ukraine; Worcestershire Royal Hosp, Worcestershire, England; Freeman Rd Hosp, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England; Birmingham Heartlands Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England; Craigavon Area Hosp, Armagh, North Ireland; Basildon & Thurrock Univ Hosp, Basildon, Essex, England; Wycombe Gen Hosp, High Wycombe, Bucks, England; St Richards Hosp, Chichester, W Sussex, England; Surrey & Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, England; Glan Clwyd Gen Hosp, Rhyl, England; Peterborough & Stamford Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Peterborough, England; Plymouth Hosp NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon, England; Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England; Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth, Hants, England; City Hosp Sunderland NHS Fdn Trust, Sunderland, England; Rotherham NHS Fdn Trust, Rotherham, S Yorkshire, England; Bradford Teaching Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Bradford, W Yorkshire, England; Royal Bournemouth Hosp, Bournemouth, Dorset, England; Dudley Grp Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dudley, W Midlands, England; Queens Hosp, Romford, Essex, England; Conquest Hosp, St Leonards On Sea, E Sussex, England; Royal Cornwall Hosp NHS Trust, Truro, Cornwall, England; St Marys Hosp, Manchester, Lancs, England; London Chest Hosp, London, England; Univ Hosp Morecambe Bay NHS Fdn Trust, Cumbria, England; Castle Hill Hosp Hull & East Yorkshire Trust, Kingston Upon Hull, E Yorkshire, England; Wrightington Wigan & Leigh NHS Fdn Trust, Wigan, England; Queens Hosp, Burton Upon Trent, Staffs, England; Northampton Gen Hosp, Northampton, England; Univ Hosp North Staffordshire, Stoke On Trent, Staffs, England; Ashford & St Peters Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Chertsey, England; City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England; Univ Wales Hosp, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales; St Louis Heart & Vasc, St Louis, MO USA; Cardiol Partners Clin Res Inst, Wellington, FL USA; PharmaTex Res, Amarillo, TX USA; Cardiovascular Res Knoxville, Knoxville, TN USA; Aspen Clin Res, Orem, UT USA; Wichita Falls Heart Clin, Wichita Falls, TX USA; EMMC Northeast Cardiol Associates, Bangor, ME USA; Iowa Clin, W Des Moines, IA USA; Quad City Heart Ctr, Moline, IL USA; Mercy Hlth Res, Washington, MO USA; Maryland Cardiovascular Specialists, Baltimore, MD USA; Georgia Heart Specialists, LLC, Covington, GA USA; Cardiovascular Associates East Texas, Tyler, TX USA; Ctr Heart, PC, Huntsville, AL USA; Heart & Vasc Ctr Holy Family Mem, Manitowoc, WI USA; Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA; Connecticut Clin Res, LLC, Bridgeport, CT USA; HealthEast Med Res Inst, St Paul, MN USA; St Josephs Healthcare Res Ctr, Lexington, KY USA; Springfield Med Ctr, Panama City, FL USA; Caprock Cardiac Ctr Res Inst, Lubbock, TX USA; Morton Plant Mease Hlth Care Inc, Clearwater, FL USA; TCR Inst, LLC, Kingwood, TX USA; Adv Res Associates, Greenwood, SC USA; Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA; Res Physicians Network Alliance, Pembroke Pines, FL USA; Eastern Carolina Cardiovascular Associates, Elizabeth City, NC USA; Minneapolis Heart Inst Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA; Sanford Fargo, Fargo, ND USA; Glacier View Cardiol PC, Kalispell, MT USA; Atlanta Heart Specialists LLC, Atlanta, GA USA; Univ Cincinnati Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA; AMR Inc, Apex Med Res, Springfield, OH USA; Eastern Cardiol PA, Greenville, NC USA; Black Hills Cardiovascular Res, Rapid City, SD USA; Cardiovascular Grp Centra, Lynchburg, VA USA; Cardiol Res, St Paul, MN USA; Integrat Res Associates Inc, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA; Ctr Cardiol, Delray Beach, FL USA; Cardiol Consultants, Pensacola, FL USA; Clearwater Cardiovascular Consultants, Safety Harbor, FL USA; Virginia Heart, Leesburg, VA USA; Plaza Med Ctr Ft Worth, Ft Worth, TX USA; Butler Med Providers, Butler, PA USA; Mulkay Cardiol Consultants PC, Hackensack, NJ USA; McGuire VA Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA; Daytona Heart Grp, Daytona Beach, FL USA; MultiCare Inst Res & Innovat, Puyallup, WA USA; IU Hlth Ball Mem Hosp Phys Inc, Muncie, IN USA; Jacksonville Ctr Clin Res, Jacksonville, FL USA; Victoria Heart & Vasc Ctr, Victoria, TX USA; Michigan Heart PC, Ypsilanti, MI USA; PMG Res Wilmington, Wilmington, NC USA; Piedmont Healthcare Res, Statesville, NC USA; Lehigh Valley Hosp Lehigh Valley Hlth Network, Allentown, PA USA; Beacon Med Grp, South Bend, IN USA; Adv Cardiovascular, LLC, Auburn, AL USA; ICARE 1, Manassas, VA USA; Novant Hlth Heart & Vasc Inst, Charlotte, NC USA; PMG Res Rocky Mt, LLC, Rocky Mount, NC USA; Cardiol Partners Clin Res Inst, Palm Beach Gardens, FL USA; Oklahoma Heart Inst, Tulsa, OK USA; Cardiol Associates Bellin Hlth, Green Bay, WI USA; Atlanta Heart Specialists, Cumming, GA USA; Coastal Multi Specialty Res, Santa Ana, CA USA; Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Clin Pharmacol, Kansas City, KS USA; St Johns Mercy Cardiovascular Res, St Louis, MO USA; Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA; Chula Vista Cardiac Ctr, Brett J Berman MD APC, San Diego, CA USA; Trin Med WNY, PC, Buffalo, NY USA; John D Archbold Mem Hosp, Thomasville, GA USA; Univ Vermont, Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, Burlington, VT USA; Saratoga Cardiol Associates, Saratoga Springs, NY USA; AtlantiCare Reg Med Ctr, Pomona, CA USA; Long Beach Mem Med Ctr, Long Beach, CA USA; Texas Hlth Res & Educ Inst, Ft Worth, TX USA; Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA; Carolina Heart Specialists, LLC, Lancaster, SC USA; Tenet Florida Phys Serv, Jupiter, FL USA; St Vincent Consultants Cardiovascular LLC, Erie, PA USA; Kumar Med Corp, Lancaster, CA USA; Denver VA Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA; Sparrow Clin Res Inst, Lansing, MI USA; Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY USA; Metrowest Med Ctr, Framingham, MA USA; Heart & Hlth Inst Westside, Plantation, FL USA; Ohio State Univ Hosp East, Columbus, OH USA; Main Med Partners Maine Hlth Cardiol, Scarborough, ME USA; St Vincents Cardiol, Jacksonville, FL USA; AnMed Hlth Med Ctr, Anderson, SC USA; Cardiovascular Solut, LLC, Shreveport, LA USA; Heart Clin Northwest, Spokane, WA USA; Clin Res Inst Arizona, Surprise, AZ USA; Raleigh Cardiol Associates PA, Raleigh, NC USA; Orlando Heart Specialists, Altamonte Springs, FL USA; NC Heart & Vasc Res, Clayton, NC USA; Cardiol Res Associates, Daytona Beach, FL USA; St Cloud Hosp, CentraCare Heart & Vas Ctr, St Cloud, MN USA; North Ohio Res Ltd, Elyria, OH USA; U N Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Worth, TX USA; Adv Heart Care, LLC, Bridgewater, NJ USA; Wellmont CVA Heart Inst, Greeneville, TN USA; Eastern Idaho Reg Med Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID USA; Lancaster Heart Fdn, Lancaster, PA USA; Adv Med Res, Maumee, OH USA; Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA; Hudson Valley Heart Ctr, Poughkeepsie, NY USA; Doylestown Cardiol Associates VIAA, Doylestown, PA USA; Norton Cardiovascular Associates, Louisville, KY USA; Geisinger Cardiol Scranton, Scranton, PA USA; Adv Cardiac Healthcare, Kalamazoo, MI USA; North Ohio Res Ctr Sandusky, Sandusky, OH USA; Valley Clin Trials Inc, Northridge, CA USA; Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA; Austin Heart, PLLC, Austin, TX USA; Johns Hopkins Univ, CV Specialists Cent Maryland, Columbia, MD USA; St Lukes Hosp, Kansas City, MO USA; CIMA Med Resarch Inc, Las Vegas, NV USA; Westside Med Associates Angeles, Beverly Hills, CA USA; Cardiovascular Ctr Sarasota, Sarasota, FL USA; New York Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA; Tulane Univ, Dept Med, Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA; Cardiovascular Inst South, Lafayette, LA USA; Virtua Cardiol Grp, Moorestown, NJ USA; Amarillo Heart Clin Res Inst Inc, Amarillo, TX USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Hlth Care Syst West LA, Los Angeles, CA USA; Care Grp LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA; Missouri Cardiovascular Specialists, Columbia, MO USA; Florida Hosp Pepin Heart Inst, Tampa, FL USA; Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA; Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA; Clearwater CV & Intervent Consultants Bardmoor, Largo, FL USA; St Anthonys Med Ctr, St Louis, MO USA; Yale New Haven Hosp Heart & Vasc Res, North Haven, CT USA; Gateway Cardiovascular Res, St Louis, MO USA; Lakeland Cardiol, Mountain Lakes, NJ USA; Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA; Prevea Clin Inc, Green Bay, WI USA; Cardiac Associates, PC, Rockville, MD USA; Infin Clin Res LLC, Sunrise, FL USA; St Jude Hosp Yorba Linda DBA St Joseph Heritage H, Mission Viejo, CA USA; Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA; Summa Hlth, Akron, OH USA; Turkey Creek Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA; Hunterdon Cardiovascular Associates, Flemington, NJ USA; Mid Michigan Cardiol Associates, Flint, MI USA; Holy Spirit Cardiol, Camp Hill, PA USA; Univ S Alabama, Med Ctr, Mobile, AL USA; Heartcare Midwest, Peoria, IL USA; Selma Med Associates, Winchester, Hants, England; Cardio Metab Inst, Somerset, NJ USA; Alexandria Cardiol Clin, Alexandria, VA USA; Heart Grp, Newburgh, NY USA; Capitol Intervent Cardiol, Carmichael, CA USA; Cardiovascular Associates Virginia, Midlothian, VA USA; Overlake Med Clin, Bellevue, WA USA; Cardiovascular Res Northwest Indiana, Munster, IN USA; Colorado Hlth Med Grp CV & Thorac Care, Colorado Springs, CO USA; Metropolitan Cardiovascular Consultants, Beltsville, MD USA; Adv CardioVascular Consultants, Rock Isl, IL USA; Univ Arizona, Med Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA; Beaver Med Clin, Banning, CA USA; Maine Res Associates, Auburn, AL USA; CV Res Inst Dallas Inc, Dallas, TX USA; Pasco Cardiol Ctr, Hudson, NY USA; UT Southwestern, Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA; Bala & Khaira Med Res Ctr, Fresno, CA USA; Maryland Heart, PC, Bethesda, MD USA; Northwest Heart Clin Res, Arlington, IL USA; Holy Cross Hosp Inc, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA; Aurora Mem Hosp Burlington, Burlington, WI USA; St Elizabeth Hlth Ctr, Youngstown, OH USA; Los Alamitos Cardiovascular, Los Alamitos, CA USA; Saviers Med Grp, Port Hueneme, CA USA; Carolina Hlth Specialists, Myrtle Beach, SC USA; Northeast Clin Trials Grp, Scranton, PA USA; Cardiol Associates Palm Beach, W Palm Beach, FL USA; Northland Cardiol, North Kansas City, MO USA; Harrisonburg Med Assoc, Harrisonburg, VA USA; Harbor Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Torrance, CA USA; Methodist Physicians Clin Heart Consultants, Omaha, NE USA; Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Charlottesville, VA USA; Fdn Cardiol, Nashua, NH USA; East Coast Inst Res, Jacksonville, FL USA; Clearwater Cardiovascular Consultants, Clearwater, FL USA; Valley Hlth Syst, Ridgewood, NJ USA; Long Beach Healthcare Syst, Long Beach, CA USA; California Heart Specialists, Huntington Beach, CA USA; Medicore Cardiol, Bridgewater, NJ USA; Aurora Denver Cardiol Associates, PC, Denver, CO USA; Univ Arizona, Sarver Heart Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA; IMC Diagnost & Med Clin, Mobile, AL USA; Toledo Clin, Toledo, OH USA; Midwest Heart & Vasc Specialists, Overland Pk, KS USA; Midwest Heart & Vasc Specialists, Independence, MO USA; Pkwy Cardiol Associates, PC, Oak Ridge, TN USA; Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Philadelphia, PA USA; Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA; Tampa Gen Hosp, Tampa, FL USA; Associates Cardiovascular Dis, LLC, Springfield, NJ USA; Virtua Cardiol Grp, Voorhees, NJ USA; Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA; Radin Cardiovascular Med Grp Inc, Newport Beach, CA USA; Guthrie Clin Ltd, Sayre, PA USA; Cardiovascular Specialists, PC, Atlanta, GA USA; Westwood Cardiol, Westwood, NJ USA; Acad Cardiol Associates, Rochester, MI USA; Trin Med Grp, Minot, ND USA; DuPage Med Grp Cardiol, Winfield, IL USA; Adv Heart Grp, Harvey, IL USA; Westchester Med Ctr, Valhalla, NY USA; McLaren Macomb, Mount Clemens, MI USA; Intervent Cardiac Consultants, Trinity, FL USA; Cardiovascular Res Fdn Southern Calif, Beverly, CA USA; Res Associates Jackson, Jackson, MS USA; Kaiser Permanente Viewridge Med Offices, San Diego, CA USA; Midwest Cardiovascular Res, Elkhart, IN USA; Healthy Heart Cardiol, Grandville, MI USA; Allegent Hlth Heart & Vasc Specialsts, Omaha, NE USA; Mercy Med Res Inst, Springfield, MO USA; VA San Diego Hlth Care Syst, San Diego, CA USA; Wellmont CVA Heart Inst, Johnson City, TN USA; St Jude Heritage Med Grp, Fullerton, CA USA; Florida Cardiol Grp, Hudson, FL USA; Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Pawtucket, RI USA; Roanoke Heart Inst, Roanoke, VA USA; McFarland Clin PC, Ames, IA USA; Clin Trials Texas Inc, San Antonio, TX USA; Univ Cardiol Associates, Augusta, GA USA; Cardiol Res Associates, St Louis, MO USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA; Gateway Cardiovascular Res Ctr, Jerseyville, IL USA; Huntington Mem Hosp, Pasadena, CA USA; Purushotham & Akther Kotha MD Inc, La Mesa, CA USA; Erlanger Hlth Syst, Chattanooga, TN USA; Huntington Hosp, Pasadena, CA USA; Port City Clin Res, Saraland, AL USA; Northeast Clin Res San Antonio, Schertz, TX USA; Oklahoma Heart Hosp, Oklahoma City, OK USA; Buffalo Med Grp, Williamsville, NY USA; Angelina Med Res LLC, Lufkin, TX USA; Anne Arundel Hlth Syst, Annapolis, MD USA; Birmingham Heart Clin, PC, Birmingham, AL USA; Lake Charles Med & Surg Clin, Lake Charles, LA USA; Nebraska Med Internal Med Associates, Grand Isl, NE USA; Pennsylvania Presbyterian Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA; Pikeville Med Ctr, Pikeville, KY USA; Providence Everett Med Ctr, Everett, WA USA; Ram Dandillaya MD Inc, Beverly Hills, CA USA; Res Integr, Owensboro, KY USA; Rutgers State Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA; Santa Rosa Sebastopol Cardiol Grp, Santa Rosa, CA USA; Univ Minnesota Heart Care, Edina, MN USA; Walla Walla Clin, Walla Walla, WA USA | Rosenberg, Michael/H-5748-2014; Delascio Lopes, Renato/JOZ-8709-2023; Yu, Yihua/AAP-1496-2020; Coverdale, Steven/F-6863-2010; Lai, Wen-Ter/D-5500-2009; Viktorova, Инна/A-4663-2017; Iqbal, Muhammad/AAZ-8813-2020; Alexander, John/E-2220-2014; Povzun, Anton/Q-1460-2016; Lai, Christopher/F-9155-2013; Kirma, Cevat/JVN-9615-2024; Ushakov, Alexei/P-4465-2015; Reis, Gilmar/I-4500-2013; Chen, Yung-Chung/GRY-3101-2022; Gislason, Gunnar/B-7561-2009; DOROBANTU, MARIA/AAS-2934-2020; Abbate, Antonio/E-3405-2014; Caraco, Yoseph/CAI-4768-2022; probst, vincent/D-4996-2015; Kubica, Jacek/D-6906-2014; Raffel, Owen/Q-1158-2016; Shalaev, Sergei/D-4321-2018; Gómez-Díaz, Benjamín/C-5945-2011; li, jianping/A-9544-2012; Lepor, Norman/AAP-2488-2021; Lip, Gregory/AEO-0575-2022; Voevoda, Mikhail/N-6713-2015; Drapkina, Oxana/G-8443-2016; Stanislavchuk, Mykola/GRX-8902-2022; Kim, Hyo/J-2753-2012; Huber, Kurt/ADE-3927-2022; Durak-Nalbantic, Azra/IST-3029-2023; Moran, Joseph/H-2584-2013; 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| ○ | ○ | Article | Enhancement of target specificity of CRISPR-Cas12a by using a chimeric DNA-RNA guide | The CRISPR-Cas9 system is widely used for target-specific genome engineering. CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1) is one of the CRISPR effectors that controls target genes by recognizing thymine-rich protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences. Cas12a has a higher sensitivity to mismatches in the guide RNA than does Cas9; therefore, off-target sequence recognition and cleavage are lower. However, it tolerates mismatches in regions distant from the PAM sequence (TTTN or TTN) in the protospacer, and off-target cleavage issues may become more problematic when Cas12a activity is improved for therapeutic purposes. Therefore, we investigated off-target cleavage by Cas12a and modified the Cas12a (cr)RNA to address the off-target cleavage issue. We developed a CRISPR-Cas12a that can induce mutations in target DNA sequences in a highly specific and effective manner by partially substituting the (cr)RNA with DNA to change the energy potential of base pairing to the target DNA. A model to explain how chimeric (cr)RNA guided CRISPR-Cas12a and SpCas9 nickase effectively work in the intracellular genome is suggested. Chimeric guide-based CRISPR-Cas12a genome editing with reduced off-target cleavage, and the resultant, increased safety has potential for therapeutic applications in incurable diseases caused by genetic mutations. | Kim, Hanseop; Lee, Wi-jae; Oh, Yeounsun; Kang, Seung-Hun; Hur, Junho K.; Lee, Hyomin; Song, WooJeung; Lim, Kyung-Seob; Park, Young-Ho; Song, Bong-Seok; Jin, Yeung; Jun, Bong-Hyun; Jung, Cheulhee; Lee, Dong-Seok; Kim, Sun-Uk; Lee, Seung Hwan | Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol KRIBB, Futurist Anim Resource & Res Ctr FARRC, Cheongju, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, BK21 Plus KNU Creat BioRes Grp, Daegu, South Korea; Konkuk Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Seoul 143701, South Korea; Korea Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Kyung Hee Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Med, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Kyung Hee Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Biomed Sci, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Hanyang Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med Genet, Seoul, South Korea; Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol KRIBB, Natl Primate Res Ctr NPRC, Cheongju, South Korea; Korea Univ Sci & Technol UST, KRIBB Sch Biosci, Dept Funct Genom, Daejeon, South Korea | Kim, Sunuk/KJM-5211-2024; Hur, Junho/ADK-0757-2022 | 57203630238; 57218165418; 57218169850; 57218162734; 35740323500; 59283800900; 57218860580; 36470521900; 56246852400; 8860759100; 35344928700; 35229652600; 23480057100; 57210068061; 8278891100; 57202327400 | lee1@knu.ac.kr;sunuk@kribb.re.kr;lsh080390@kribb.re.kr; | NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH | NUCLEIC ACIDS RES | 0305-1048 | 1362-4962 | 48 | 15 | SCIE | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | 2020 | 16.971 | 2.5 | 2.87 | 2025-06-25 | 101 | 85 | STRUCTURAL BASIS; CPF1; CAS9; ENDONUCLEASE; COMPLEX; MICE | Bacterial Proteins; Base Pair Mismatch; CRISPR-Associated Proteins; CRISPR-Cas Systems; DNA; DNA Cleavage; Endodeoxyribonucleases; Gene Editing; Humans; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Nucleic Acid Conformation; RNA; RNA, Circular; RNA, Guide; CRISPR associated endonuclease Cas12a; CRISPR associated endonuclease Cas9; CRISPR associated protein; genomic DNA; genomic RNA; recombinant protein; unclassified drug; bacterial protein; Cas12a protein; CRISPR associated protein; deoxyribonuclease; DNA; guide RNA; RNA; amplicon; Article; base pairing; controlled study; CRISPR Cas system; CRISPR Cas12a system; CRISPR-CAS9 system; DNA cleavage; DNA sequence; gene editing; gene targeting; HEK293-FT cell line; human; human cell; in vitro study; priority journal; protein RNA binding; RNA purification; RNA transcription; base mispairing; conformation; CRISPR Cas system; genetics; molecular model; mutation | English | 2020 | 2020-09-04 | 10.1093/nar/gkaa605 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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