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| WoS | SCOPUS | Document Type | Document Title | Abstract | Authors | Affiliation | ResearcherID (WoS) | AuthorsID (SCOPUS) | Author Email(s) | Journal Name | JCR Abbreviation | ISSN | eISSN | Volume | Issue | WoS Edition | WoS Category | JCR Year | IF | JCR (%) | FWCI | FWCI Update Date | WoS Citation | SCOPUS Citation | Keywords (WoS) | KeywordsPlus (WoS) | Keywords (SCOPUS) | KeywordsPlus (SCOPUS) | Language | Publication Stage | Publication Year | Publication Date | DOI | JCR Link | DOI Link | WOS Link | SCOPUS Link |
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| ○ | Meeting Abstract | MORTALITY PATTERNS AND RISK FACTORS IN KOREAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY | Han, J. Y.; Cho, S. K.; Jeon, Y.; Kang, G.; Jung, S. Y.; Jang, E. J.; Sung, Y. K. | Hanyang Univ Hosp Rheumat Dis, Rheumatol, Seoul, South Korea; Hanyang Univ, Inst Rheumatol Res, Seoul, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Stat, Daegu, South Korea; Chung Ang Univ, Pharm, Seoul, South Korea; Andong Natl Univ, Informat Stat, Andong, South Korea | ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES | ANN RHEUM DIS | 0003-4967 | 1468-2060 | 83 | SCIE | RHEUMATOLOGY | 2024 | 20.6 | 2.6 | 0 | Epidemiology; Sex/gender/diversity | English | 2025 | 2025-06 | 10.1136/annrheumdis-2024-eular.970 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Parallel multi-layer sensor fusion for pipe leak detection using multi-sensors and machine learning | Effective pipe leak detection is critical for maintaining the structural integrity and efficiency of water distribution systems and preventing damage such as sinkholes. Traditional leak detection methods often rely on single sensors, overlooking the advantages of multi-sensor configurations that capture diverse leak-related phenomena. To address this limitation, the study proposes an innovative machine learning-based sensor fusion approach called Parallel Multi-Layer Sensor Fusion (PMLSF), which leverages Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Few-Shot Learning (FSL) to enhance leak detection. PMLSF integrates data from multiple sensors, including hydrophone, acoustic emission, and vibration sensors. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the PMLSF with multi-sensor systems substantially outperforms the CNN-based FSL (CNN-FSL) approach with single-sensor systems, achieving a leak detection accuracy of 97.1 % and leak location classification accuracy between 95.5 % and 97.4 %. Additionally, the study investigates the use of the acoustic emission sensor combined with CNN-FSL for early detection of material failure in pipes, demonstrated by a Pencil Test that achieved 92.3 % accuracy in detecting pencil breakage on the pipe. These results indicate that combination of CNN-FSL for the acoustic emission sensor and PMLSF offers a comprehensive solution for detecting and localizing existing leaks while predicting potential failures, thus laying a robust foundation for the development of reliable and efficient water distribution monitoring systems. | Satterlee, Nicholas; Zuo, Xiaowei; Lee, Chang-Whan; Park, Choon-Wook; Kang, John S. | San Diego State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mech Syst Design Engn, Seoul 01811, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Undeclared Majors, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea | 57577176900; 59035645900; 55754419900; 56181530400; 57216638374 | pcw2379@knu.ac.kr; jkang4@sdsu.edu; | ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE | ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL | 0952-1976 | 1873-6769 | 153 | SCIE | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS;COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE;ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | 2024 | 8 | 2.6 | 0 | 2025-05-07 | 0 | 0 | Pipe leak detection; Machine learning; Convolutional neural network; Few-shot learning; Parallel multi-layer sensor fusion; Sensors | ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; LOCATION | Convolutional neural network; Few-shot learning; Machine learning; Parallel multi-layer sensor fusion; Pipe leak detection; Sensors | Acoustic emission testing; Fracture mechanics; Information leakage; Leak detection; Multilayer neural networks; Acoustic emission sensors; Convolutional neural network; Few-shot learning; Leaks detections; Machine-learning; Multi sensor; Multi-layer sensors; Parallel multi-layer sensor fusion; Pipe leak detection; Sensor fusion; Acoustic emissions | English | 2025 | 2025-08-01 | 10.1016/j.engappai.2025.110923 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Application of bipolar membrane (BPM)-based technology to green energy and environmental sustainability | Bipolar Membranes (BPMs) are pivotal in advancing sustainable energy and environmental management technologies. This review explores the fundamental concepts and recent advancements of BPM technology, emphasizing its essential role in green energy production and resource recovery. A key contribution of this study is the detailed analysis of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED), an innovative process that produces acids and bases from salt solutions without chemical additives, offering enhanced energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. We examine the operational mechanisms of BPMs under forward and reverse bias, focusing on their integration into applications such as water electrolysis for hydrogen generation, fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and CO2 electrolysis. Our findings demonstrate that BPM-integrated systems significantly enhance sustainability, particularly in wastewater treatment, ammonia nitrogen recovery, and nutrient recovery. Despite these advancements, challenges like membrane stability and scalability remain. We propose future research directions to optimize BPM and BMED technologies for scalable, sustainable industrial solutions. | Sajna, M. S.; Elmakki, Tasneem; Park, Hyunwoong; Solim, Sabah; Shon, Ho Kyong; Shetty, Dinesh; Park, Jang-Ung; Han, Dong Suk | Qatar Univ, Ctr Adv Mat CAM, Doha, Qatar; Univ Sharjah, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Energy Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; QSTP LLC, Qatar Shell Res & Technol Ctr, Doha 21000, Qatar; Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn & IT, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, ARC Res Hub Nutrients Circular Econ, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Khalifa Univ, Dept Chem, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates; Khalifa Univ, Ctr Catalysis & Separat CeCaS, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates; Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Qatar Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Doha, Qatar | Shetty, Dinesh/HSI-0259-2023 | 58668273500; 57221280532; 7601565583; 16234593900; 6701629946; 36460233800; 59722206000; 36139213900 | dhan@qu.edu.qa; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 613 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | N/A | 0 | 0 | Bipolar membrane (BPM); Bipolar membrane-based electrodialysis (BMED); Electrolysis; Sustainable energy; Resource recovery; CO2 conversion | DESALINATION BRINES PRODUCTION; ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; INTERFACE FUEL-CELLS; TEXTILE WASTE-WATER; CRANBERRY JUICE; ACID PRODUCTION; ELECTRODIALYSIS PROCESS; TRANSPORT MECHANISMS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; DIFFUSION DIALYSIS | Bipolar membrane (BPM); Bipolar membrane-based electrodialysis (BMED); CO<sub>2</sub> conversion; Electrolysis; Resource recovery; Sustainable energy | Environmental design; Environmental impact; Environmental management systems; Environmental microbiology; Environmental testing; Green computing; Green manufacturing; Redox reactions; Sustainable development; Bipolar membrane; Bipolar membrane-based electrodialysis; Bipolar membranes; CO2 conversion; Green energy; Membrane-based; Membrane-based technology; Resource recovery; Sustainable energy; alternative energy; electrokinesis; membrane; recovery; sustainability; Energy efficiency | English | 2025 | 2025-10-15 | 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119101 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | Article | Capacitive lithium capture system using a mixed LiMn2O4 and LiAlO2 material | The increasing demand for lithium (Li), a crucial material in various industries, requires efficient recovery methods and a shift toward a circular economy. This study investigates a fast, eco-friendly technique for selective Li recovery, emphasizing the use of innovative materials from spent Li-ion batteries (SLiBs), particularly LiMn2O4(LMO)/LiAlO2(LAO)-based materials, to enhance Li's circular economy. Conventional Li recovery methods typically involve prolonged processes with chemical additives and environmental concerns, whereas electrochemical systems like membrane-based capacitive deionization (MCDI) offer promising high removal capacities, regeneration ability, and scalability. However, no commercial electrochemical Li recovery system underscores the need for continued research to improve their performance. This study employs MCDI for selective Li recovery, examining various electrode materials, including commercial activated carbon, LMO-based electrodes, and modified LMO/LAO-based electrodes. The mixed LiMn2O4/LiAlO2 cathode exhibited high selectivity for Li+ extraction with a recovery efficiency of 83.1 %, achieving a deionization capacity of 38.15 mg/g at 1.0 V under an initial feed concentration of 5 mM LiCl. The Li+ adsorption reached 900 mu mol/g, with a separation factor | Elmakki, Tasneem; Zavahir, Sifani; Shon, Ho Kyong; Gago, Guillermo Hijos; Park, Hyunwoong; Han, Dong Suk | Qatar Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, POB 2713, Doha, Qatar; Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn & IT, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, ARC Res Hub Nutrients Circular Econ,Ctr Technol Wa, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Acciona Agua, O&M Desalinat Middle East & Oceania, POB 55976, Doha, Qatar; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Energy Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Qatar Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Chem Engn, POB 2713, Doha, Qatar | Shon, Ho/P-7057-2015; Han, Dong SuK/AAX-9333-2021 | dhan@qu.edu.qa; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 593 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | 2 | Lithium recovery; Membrane-based capacitive deionization; (MCDI); Spent Li-ion batteries; Circular economy | HIGH-PERFORMANCE; SPINEL LIMN2O4; DEIONIZATION; RECOVERY; STABILITY; DESALINATION; MEMBRANE; ANODE; WATER | English | 2025 | 2025-01-05 | 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118195 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Compact back-side solar still for efficient vapor condensation via evaporative and wetted Janus cooling | Water scarcity poses a critical global challenge, especially in remote and arid regions where large-scale desalination infrastructure is impractical. Interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) offers sustainable freshwater production but faces limitations due to inefficient condensation and low freshwater recovery. This study proposes a compact back-side solar still (CBSS) integrating a photothermal evaporator and an optimized condenser to enhance desalination efficiency. The evaporator comprises reduced graphene oxide (rGO) embedded in melamine foam (MF), forming an rGO@MF composite, with a transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cover to minimize vapor leakage. The condenser has a rectangular, cup-shaped copper structure externally wrapped with a chemically modified Janus fabric for efficient water transport and evaporative cooling. Cu(OH)2 nanoflowers stacked on the condenser's inner surface further boost condensation performance. Under 1 sun illumination, the rGO@MF evaporator achieved an evaporation rate of 1.4 kg m- 2 h- 1, while the PDMS-coated version maintained approximately 1.0 kg m- 2 h- 1. The CBSS successfully recovered 29 % of evaporated vapor, demonstrating a scalable, cost-effective approach for decentralized desalination. The proposed CBSS could be fabricated in a more affordable manner compared to existing desalination technologies, highlighting its potential as a portable and economically viable desalination solution. This study provides insights on effective water transport, thermal management, and condensation in back-side solar still systems, contributing to advances in sustainable seawater desalination for water-deficient regions. | Lim, Hyeong Woo; Lee, Moonheng; Lee, Sang Joon | Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Cheongam Ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu, South Korea | Lee, Joo-Yong/F-4545-2014 | 57219855975; 59905849100; 59898764400 | sjlee@postech.ac.kr; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 613 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | 0 | 2025-06-11 | 0 | 0 | Interfacial solar steam generation; Seawater desalination; Janus wettability; Heat transfer; Condensation | WATER; DESALINATION; DESIGN; SYSTEM | Condensation; Heat transfer; Interfacial solar steam generation; Janus wettability; Seawater desalination | Chilling; Desalination; Evaporative cooling systems; Gas heating; Radiant heating; Seawater; Steam condensate; Steam condensers; Thermoelectric refrigeration; Fresh Water; Interfacial solar steam generation; Janus wettability; Melamine foams; Reduced graphene oxides; Seawater desalination; Solar steam; Solar stills; Steam generation; Water transport; condensation; cooling; desalination; evaporation; heat transfer; seawater; solar power; wettability; Electric heating | English | 2025 | 2025-10-15 | 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119037 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Defect-engineered black indium oxide: A high-performance photothermal material for solar-driven water purification | Defect engineering is a core strategy for controlling the optical, electronic, electrical, and catalytic properties of oxide-based semiconductors. In this study, we used indium oxide as a model system to investigate the impact of point defects on its physicochemical properties and interfacial solar-to-steam generation (ISSG) performance. Our findings revealed that hydrogen incorporation and oxygen vacancy generation can modify the visual color of the material, create deep-level energy states, and significantly enhance sub-bandgap photon absorption. These effects increase the charge carrier concentration, promote non-radiative recombination, and enhance localized heat generation. Additionally, the defects induced high surface energy, which improved surface hydrophilicity. Notably, defect-enriched black In2O3 (b-In2O3) exhibits exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency (74 %) and ISSG performance (evaporation flux: 2.3 kg m- 2 h- 1) with excellent stability for 60 h under one-sun illumination. We also demonstrated the practical application of b-In2O3 in wastewater purification, where the purified water exhibited significantly reduced metal ion concentrations, meeting World Health Organization (WHO) standards. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of oxide-based photothermal materials and emphasize the potential of defect-engineered b-In2O3 as a novel material for efficient solar-driven water purification, thereby offering a sustainable solution for global water scarcity. | Tan, Runfa; Shridharan, Tatachari Santhanagopalan; Lee, Jong Ho; Josline, Mukkath Joseph; Lee, Jae Yeong; Bae, Jong Seong; Sivanantham, Arumugam; Jeong, Yoo Jae; Lee, Jae-Hyun; Lee, Sangwook; Cho, In Sun | Ajou Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Ajou Univ, Dept Energy Syst Res, Suwon 16499, South Korea; Korea Basic Sci Inst KBSI, Busan Ctr, Busan 4742, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Cho, In Sun/H-6557-2011; Tatachari Santhanagopalan, Shridharan/IST-5623-2023; Lee, Sangwook/O-9166-2015 | 57224830477; 57817438400; 58790086200; 57221206189; 57191163505; 7201386925; 55792914800; 57224200546; 57226259294; 57203597324; 35739919200 | wook2@knu.ac.kr; insuncho@ajou.ac.kr; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 599 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | 2.76 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | Defect engineering; Deep-level energy states; Solar steam generation; Wastewater purification | STEAM-GENERATION; OXYGEN VACANCIES; HYDROGEN; FILM; NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACE; RAMAN; FOAM | Deep-level energy states; Defect engineering; In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; Solar steam generation; Wastewater purification | Arsenic compounds; Coagulation; Energy conservation; Halogen compounds; Nitrogen compounds; Oxides; Phosphorus compounds; Point defects; Semiconducting indium phosphide; Silicon compounds; Solar power generation; Steam engineering; Sulfur compounds; Sustainable development; Water conservation; Deep-level energy state; Deep-levels; Defect engineering; Energy; Indium oxide; Performance; Solar steam; Solar steam generation; Steam generation; Wastewater purification; indium; physicochemical property; power generation; purification; solar power; wastewater; Carrier concentration | English | 2025 | 2025-04-15 | 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118440 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | Article | Effects of leaderboard affordance and perceived role importance in team-based gamified training | Gamification has been effectively applied in organizational and academic training to enhance motivation. Among various game elements, leaderboards are particularly popular in gamified training environments. Grounded in gamification research, self-determination theory, and job demands-resources theory, this research investigates the relationships among leaderboard affordance, perceived role importance in a team (PRIT), satisfaction of the three psychological needs (perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and two types of stress (distress and eustress). Using a team-based ERP simulation game for gamified ERP training, we conducted two studies (Study 1: N = 203 and Study 2: N = 216) and employed structural equation modelling to test our hypotheses. Our findings indicate that leaderboard affordance positively influences PRIT. Additionally, the results show that leaderboard affordance and PRIT increase needs satisfaction and eustress, while the effects on distress were minimal. This study contributes to gamification IS research by highlighting the impact of leaderboard affordances and PRIT in fostering positive psychological outcomes and expanding our understanding of stress in gamified training contexts. Our findings are important for organizations seeking to maintain motivation and engagement through gamified training. © 2025 The Operational Research Society. | Kwak, Dong-Heon; Benitez, Jose; Cho, Myung; Jeon, Soohyun; Zhao, Yu; Lee, Hyewon; Brandyberry, Alan | Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Ambassador Crawford College of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States; Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Ambassador Crawford College of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States; Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Ambassador Crawford College of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States; Department of Operation and Information Systems Management, Brunel Business School, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom; Department of Information Systems, College of Business, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, United States; Department of Management Information Systems, School of Business, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Ambassador Crawford College of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States | 59968938800; 57203203955; 59968840800; 59968938900; 56434774200; 59969327700; 6506911228 | jbenite1@kent.edu; | European Journal of Information Systems | EUR J INFORM SYST | 0960-085X | 1476-9344 | SSCI;SCIE | INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE;MANAGEMENT;COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS | 2024 | 8.6 | 2.7 | 0 | Gamified training; leaderboard affordance; needs satisfaction; perceived role importance; stress | Enterprise resource planning; Game theory; Gamification; Job satisfaction; Personnel training; Academic training; Affordances; Game elements; Gamification; Gamified training; Leaderboard affordance; Need satisfactions; Organizational trainings; Perceived role importance; Self-determination theories; Stresses | English | Article in press | 2025 | 10.1080/0960085x.2025.2521068 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Enhanced reverse osmosis performance via amphiphilic polyMOF embedded thin-film nanocomposite membranes | Achieving optimal dispersibility of metal-organic framework (MOF) particles in organic solvents such as nhexane is crucial for enhancing the performance of thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. However, improving MOF dispersibility without compromising their hydrophilicity and porosity remains challenging. In this study, we introduce polyUiO-66 (pU-66), a novel filler synthesized by incorporating an amphiphilic microporous polymer ligand (cPIM-1) into conventional UiO-66 (U-66) nanoparticles. The cPIM-1 ligand promotes effective dispersion of pU-66 particles in the organic phase while preserving the particles' hydrophilicity and porosity, which are critical for desalination. Additionally, the cPIM-1 ligand reduces particle size, improving their integration into the polyamide (PA) layer. pU-66 also enhances the diffusion of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) into the organic phase, resulting in a denser PA layer with increased backside surface porosity. The optimized pU66-loaded TFN membrane demonstrated a high NaCl rejection of 98.5% and an exceptionally high water permeance of 4.3 Lm- 2 h- 1 bar- 1. Moreover, the pU-66-embedded membranes showed superior resistance to organic fouling, attributed to increased surface hydrophilicity and a more negatively charged surface. | Lee, Byung Kwan; Kim, Young Jae; Jang, Jun Kyu; Lee, Myung-Seok; Park, Sung-Joon; Lee, Tae Hoon; Lee, Jung-Hyun; Park, Ho Bum | Hanyang Univ, Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 04763, South Korea; Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Park, Ho Bum/C-2941-2016; Kim, Young-Jae/ABA-8263-2021 | 57225177230; 59388595100; 57207795819; 57374257100; 59873295400; 57305380700; 56011564600; 58139858300 | badtzhb@hanyang.ac.kr; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 598 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | 2.76 | 2025-05-07 | 2 | 3 | Metal-organic frameworks; PolyMOFs; Interfacial polymerization; Reverse osmosis; Membranes | METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; WATER STABILITY; RO MEMBRANES; FUTURE; MORPHOLOGY; LAYER | Interfacial polymerization; Membranes; Metal–organic frameworks; PolyMOFs; Reverse osmosis | Nafion membranes; Nanoclay; Osmosis membranes; Amphiphilics; Dispersibilities; Interfacial polymerization; Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs); Nano-composite membranes; Organic phase; Organics; Performance; Polymofs; Thin-film nanocomposites; desalination; ligand; membrane; nanocomposite; polymer; polymerization; reverse osmosis; Desalination | English | 2025 | 2025-04-01 | 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118407 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Evaluating the economic and environmental viability of small modular reactor (SMR)-powered desalination technologies against renewable energy systems | This study evaluates the viability of small modular reactors (SMRs) as a carbon-neutral energy source for various desalination configurations such as SWRO, MED, and MSF. Analyzing both a 79.4 MWe unit and a 317.6 MWe packaged configuration, we found that MED and MSF processes increase the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by over 40 % due to a 28 % reduction in the electricity output capacity of SMRs caused by the use of backpressure steam turbines. Consequently, the levelized cost of water (LCOW) for MED and MSF rose by 17 % and 20 %, respectively, compared to the SMR-powered SWRO setup. Renewable energy sources with energy storage systems which could provide continuous electricity for desalination are analyzed for comparison, showed significantly higher costs, with LCOE for onshore wind and PV at 126 % and 190 % higher than SMR case. The corresponding LCOW was 57 % and 85.6 % higher than the SMR-powered SWRO configuration. These findings highlight SMR's superior economic feasibility and their potential in decarbonizing desalination, alongside their future role in reducing hydrogen production costs through water electrolysis. Unlike renewables, SMRs offer uniform cost advantages across regions, enhancing their competitiveness for global hydrogen production. | Yoo, Youngwook; Arunachalam, Muthumeenal; Elmakki, Tasneem; Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed Saeed; Bassi, Hussain Mohammad; Mohammed, Abdulrahman Magdy; Ryu, Sunghun; Yong, Sejoung; Shon, Ho Kyong; Park, Hyunwoong; Han, Dong Suk | Saudi Water Author SWA, Water Technol Innovat Inst & Res Advancement WTIIR, POB 8284, Al Jubail 31951, Saudi Arabia; Qatar Univ, Ctr Adv Mat CAM, POB 2713, Doha, Qatar; DL Engn & Construct, Donuimun D Tower,134 Tongil Ro, Seoul 03181, South Korea; Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn & IT, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, ARC Res Hub Nutrients Circular Econ,Ctr Technol Wa, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Energy Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Qatar Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Chem Engn, POB 2713, Doha, Qatar | Shon, Ho/P-7057-2015; AlGhamdi, Ahmed/ABG-8831-2021; Han, Dong SuK/AAX-9333-2021; Yoo, Youngwook/JLM-6603-2023 | 58668273600; 57210791003; 57221280532; 55829847500; 36179432200; 57197416971; 59536442200; 59536791800; 6701629946; 7601565583; 36139213900 | yyoo@swcc.gov.sa; dhan@qu.edu.qa; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 602 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | 0 | 2025-05-07 | 2 | 2 | Small modular reactor (SMR); Renewable energy; Nuclear desalination; Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE); Levelized cost of water (LCOW); Pink hydrogen; Green hydrogen | NUCLEAR; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN | Green hydrogen; Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE); Levelized cost of water (LCOW); Nuclear desalination; Pink hydrogen; Renewable energy; Small modular reactor (SMR) | Cost reduction; Desalination; Reactor refueling; Renewable energy; Small nuclear reactors; Water filtration; Green hydrogen; Levelized cost of electricities; Levelized cost of electricity; Levelized cost of water; Levelized costs; Nuclear desalination; Pink hydrogen; Renewable energies; Small modular reactor; Small modular reactors; alternative energy; desalination; electrokinesis; energy storage; hydrogen; Clean energy | English | 2025 | 2025-05-01 | 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118624 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | From comparison to integration: Enhancing forward osmosis performance prediction with mathematical and RBF neural network models | Reliable prediction of forward osmosis (FO) performance requires advanced models that can handle the complex, nonlinear interactions within operational conditions. This study developed, compared, and integrated mathematical and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) models to predict the performance of pilot-scale plate- and-frame FO system. RBFNN demonstrates strong generalization capabilities for capturing nonlinear relationships, making it particularly effective in noisy experimental environments typical of FO applications. Both models demonstrated high accuracy within the experimental data ranges (R-2 > 0.97). The mathematical model provided consistent predictions and insights into internal module dynamics, while the RBFNN exhibited high computational efficiency. However, the RBFNN showed limitations in predicting recovery accuracy for operational ranges with insufficient data. To address this, we introduced a data distance index to assess the reliability of RBFNN predictions, particularly in extrapolation scenarios. We then integrated the approaches using the mathematical model for data imputation to expand the RBFNN's training dataset. The integrated model, retrained with augmented data, achieved an R2 of 0.9920 and an RMSE of 0.3414 LMH for water flux prediction. This approach not only provides more reliable predictions but also enhances the understanding of key FO performance parameters through Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. This synergistic method facilitates efficient FO system design and operation by optimizing process parameters under diverse conditions. The current study highlights the effectiveness of combining physics-based modeling with machine learning in membrane technology, improving the robustness of predictive tools for water treatment applications. Furthermore, the data distance index offers significant implications for evaluating prediction reliability in other processes with limited training data. | Nurhayati, Mita; Jeong, Kwanho; Kim, Sangsik; Park, Jongkwan; Cho, Kyung Hwa; Shon, Ho Kyong; Lee, Sungyun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Adv Sci & Technol Convergence, 2559 Gyeongsang daero, Sangju Si 37224, South Korea; Indonesia Univ Educ, Dept Chem, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia; Chosun Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Gwangju 61452, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Energy Chem Engn, 2559 Gyeongsang Daero, Sangju 37224, Gyeongsangbuk D, South Korea; Changwon Natl Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Chem Engn, Chang Won 51140, Gyeongsangnamdo, South Korea; Korea Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 145 Anam Ro, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn & IT, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, ARC Res Hub Nutrients Circular Econ, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm & Safety Engn, 2559 Gyeongsang Daero, Sangju 37224, South Korea | Shon, Ho/P-7057-2015; Nurhayati, Mita/GOJ-8523-2022 | 57222139830; 56659062100; 56158171800; 56969869700; 26022315200; 6701629946; 36438267000 | sungyunlee@knu.ac.kr; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 597 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | 5.51 | 2025-05-07 | 2 | 2 | Forward osmosis; Machine learning; Mathematical model; Data distance index; Data imputation; SHAP | PLATE-AND-FRAME; WATER FLUX; MEMBRANE; FLOW; TRANSPORT; FEED | Data distance index; Data imputation; Forward osmosis; Machine learning; Mathematical model; SHAP | Contrastive Learning; Data reliability; Membrane technology; Radial basis function networks; Data distance index; Data imputation; Forward osmosis; Machine-learning; Neural network model; Performance; Performance prediction; Radial basis function neural networks (RBF); Shapley; Shapley additive explanation; artificial neural network; machine learning; numerical model; osmosis; performance assessment; prediction; water flux; water treatment; Prediction models | English | 2025 | 2025-03-15 | 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118322 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Polymer semiconductor-coated 3D bilayer cellulose nanofiber/ polydimethylsiloxane aerogel for enhanced solar-driven interfacial water evaporation | Solar-powered interfacial water evaporation is a promising technique for producing freshwater from seawater, crucial for addressing freshwater shortages. However, it still maintains challenges to develop the matrix that is mechanically flexible and can convert solar energy while floating on seawater. Here, an exceptionally robust cellulose nanofiber/polydimethylsiloxane (CNF/PDMS) aerogel evaporator is developed through freeze-drying and dip-coating techniques. The aerogel withstands pressure up to 15.89 kPa under a 50 % compressive strain, confirming its reliability and practical applicability. Polymer semiconductor, PM6, was applied onto the CNF/PDMS aerogel, which efficiently absorbed solar radiation across the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. This enables excellent photothermal properties with an impressive light-to-heat conversion, maintaining a surface temperature of 53.9 degrees C compared to 44.6 degrees C for bare CNF/PDMS under 1 sun. Consequently, the PM6-CNF/PDMS aerogel enhances a notable water evaporation and photothermal conversion efficiency of 98.1 % under solar light irradiation. The aerogel evaporator also demonstrates excellent water purification capabilities, effectively producing clean water from both real and artificial seawater, maintaining consistent evaporation efficiencies from 91 % to 98 %. over seven cycles. This study shows that solar-thermal energy and scalable methodologies can be used to manufacture high-performance composites for solar-powered interfacial systems for seawater desalination and wastewater purification. | Dhandapani, Keerthnasre; Ham, Gayoung; Fattahimoghaddam, Hossein; Kim, In Ho; Cha, Hyojung; Tang, Xiaowu; Kim, Da Wan; An, Tae Kyu; Jeong, Yong Jin | Korea Natl Univ Transportat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Chungju 27469, South Korea; Korea Natl Univ Transportat, Dept IT Energy Convergence BK21 PLUS, Chungju 27469, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Energy Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Natl Univ Transportat, Chem Ind Inst, Chungju 27469, South Korea; Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind, Coll Mat & Chem Engn, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China; Korea Natl Univ Transportat, Dept Elect Engn, Cheongju 27469, South Korea; Korea Natl Univ Transportat, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Chungju 27469, South Korea | Jeong, Yong/S-5179-2019; An, Tae/AAK-5174-2020; Fattahimoghaddam, Hossein/ABA-6382-2020; Kim, Jin Il/JWP-3629-2024 | 58632845000; 58506766600; 57218541307; 58576577100; 35885242200; 57193207934; 57194571535; 35190164200; 56033346800 | taekyu1985@ut.ac.kr; yjjeong@ut.ac.kr; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 611 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | 0 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | 1 | Cellulose nanofiber; PM6 polymer; Bilayer aerogel; Interfacial system; Photothermal desalination | ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; DESALINATION; MEMBRANE; PROGRESS | Bilayer aerogel; Cellulose nanofiber; Interfacial system; Photothermal desalination; PM6 polymer | Aerogels; Cellulose; Conversion; Energy; Evaporation; Light; Polysilicones; Water; Carrier concentration; Carrier mobility; Cellulose nanocrystals; Conducting polymers; Nanocellulose; Nanofibers; Polydimethylsiloxane; Seawater; Silicones; Three dimensional integrated circuits; Wastewater treatment; Bi-layer; Bilayer aerogel; Cellulose nanofibers; Interfacial systems; Interfacial water; Photo-thermal; Photothermal desalination; PM6 polymer; Polymer semiconductors; Water evaporation; cellulose; evaporation; nanoparticle; polymer; semiconductor industry; solar power; three-dimensional modeling; Aerogels | English | 2025 | 2025-09-15 | 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118947 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Recent advances in single- and dual-atom catalysts for efficient nitrogen electro-reduction and their perspectives | Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) is emerging as a favorable option to the power-intensive Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. However, obstacles such as poor selectivity, low production rates, and competition against the hydrogen evolution reaction hinder its practical implementation. To address these, the design of highly active catalysts is critical. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have shown great potential because of their maximized atom utilization, but their limited stability and low metal loading restrict their performances. On the other hand, dual-atom catalysts (DACs) are atomic catalysts with two metal atoms nearby and offer enhanced electrocatalytic performances by aligning with the N- N bond to enhance N2 reduction efficiency, potentially overcoming the limitations of SAC. This review discusses recent advances in SACs and more importantly DACs for ENRR, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and the need for advanced characterization techniques to better understand catalyst behavior. The review concludes by underscoring the importance of research to optimize these catalysts for efficient and sustainable nitrogen fixation. | Kundu, Joyjit; Bhoyar, Toshali; Park, Saehyun; Jin, Haneul; Lee, Kwangyeol; Choi, Sang-Il | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Green Nano Mat Res Ctr, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Korea Univ, Res Inst Nat Sci, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Dongguk Univ, Res Ctr Photoenergy Harvesting & Convers Technol p, Dept Energy & Mat Engn, Seoul 04620, South Korea | Chung, Chan-Hwa/D-5194-2011; Choi, Sangil/N-7571-2013; Kundu, Joyjit/AAY-7466-2021; Choi, Sang-Il/N-7571-2013; Bhoyar, Toshali/AAW-5211-2020 | 57209325902; 57211356285; 59164522400; 56682358200; 8510322900; 56167600800 | hjin1@dongguk.edu; kylee1@korea.ac.kr; sichoi@knu.ac.kr; | ADVANCED POWDER MATERIALS | ADV POWDER MATER | 2772-834X | 4 | 2 | ESCI | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL;MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | 2024 | 24.9 | 2.7 | 0 | 2025-05-07 | 0 | 0 | Single atom catalyst; Dual atom catalyst; Nitrogen fixation; ENRR; Ammonia | METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; N-2 REDUCTION; EVOLUTION REACTION; OXYGEN EVOLUTION; POROUS CARBON; DOPED CARBON; AMMONIA; FE; ELECTROCATALYST | Ammonia; Dual atom catalyst; ENRR; Nitrogen fixation; Single atom catalyst | Electrolytic reduction; Hydrogen evolution reaction; Nitrogen fixation; Oxygen reduction reaction; Reaction rates; Dual atom catalyst; Electro reduction; Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction; Electrochemicals; Nitrogen reduction; Reduction reaction; Single atom catalyst; Single-atoms; ]+ catalyst; Ammonia | English | 2025 | 2025-04 | 10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100279 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Removal of ketoprofen and propranolol in an ultrafiltration-MXene (Ti3C2/ V2C) hybrid system | MXenes, known for their high stability and large specific surface areas, have been extensively studied as effective nano-adsorbents. This study investigated the removal of contaminants of emerging concern, ketoprofen (KP) and propranolol (PRP), using an ultrafiltration (UF)-MXene hybrid system. A comparative analysis of the preadsorption and non-pre-adsorption configurations was conducted, leading to the selection of the non-pre-adsorption system because of its relatively high flux and decent retention. In this study, single-layered Ti3C2 (SL-Ti3C2), the most widely used MXene, and multi-layered V2C MXene (ML-V2C), which has been rarely explored, were incorporated into the hybrid system. A comparative evaluation was conducted among three systems: UF only, UF + ML-V2C, and UF + SL-Ti3C2. The removal efficiencies of KP using UF only, UF + ML-V2C, and UF + SL-Ti3C2were 4.04 %, 8.03 %, and 3.34 %, respectively, indicating no significant improvement in KP removal across the three systems. However, the UF + SL-Ti3C2hybrid system exhibited a significantly higher PRP average removal efficiency (58.0 %) compared to UF only (9.55 %) and UF + ML-V2C (13.5 %). While no significant differences in the normalized flux at a volume concentration factor of 10 (recovery = 90 %) were observed between the UF only (0.913) and UF-MXene hybrid systems (0.833) at pH 7, the normalized flux of the hybrid system (0.933) was notably higher than that of the UF system (0.709) under acidic conditions (pH 3.5). Adsorption experiments were conducted to elucidate the removal mechanisms under different pH conditions, demonstrating that electrostatic interactions play a dominant role in contaminant removal by MXene. | Kim, Yurim; Jung, Bongyeon; Park, Chanhyuk; Park, Chang Min; Jang, Min; Jun, Byung-Moon; Yoon, Yeomin | Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 52 Ewhayeodae Gil, Seoul 03760, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kwangwoon Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 447-1 Wolgye Dong, Seoul, South Korea; Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 1732 Deogyeong Daero, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea | Jun, Byung-Moon/Y-2134-2019; Park, Chang Min/CAA-8506-2022 | 59140902300; 57211690823; 59893314800; 57209588953; 36762550700; 55326699900; 7402126688 | jbm9101@khu.ac.kr; yoony@ewha.ac.kr; | DESALINATION | DESALINATION | 0011-9164 | 1873-4464 | 613 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;WATER RESOURCES | 2024 | 9.8 | 2.7 | 0 | 2025-06-11 | 0 | 0 | Adsorption-ultrafiltration hybrid; MXene; Pharmaceuticals; Membrane fouling; Water treatment | NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON; HUMIC-ACID; WASTE-WATER; BISPHENOL-A; NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES; EMERGING CONCERN; ADSORPTION; CONTAMINANTS; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL | Adsorption-ultrafiltration hybrid; Membrane fouling; MXene; Pharmaceuticals; Water treatment | Physisorption; Adsorption-ultrafiltration hybrid; Comparative analyzes; Contaminants of emerging concerns; Ketoprofen; Large specific surface areas; Multi-layered; Mxene; Nano adsorbents; Pre-adsorption; Removal efficiencies; adsorption; concentration (composition); drug; fouling; membrane; pollutant removal; ultrafiltration; water treatment; Ultrafiltration | English | 2025 | 2025-10-15 | 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119088 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | Article | Application Level Trust Authority (APPLETA) for Resource-Constrained Edge Devices in IoT and 6G | The rapid growth of the internet and edge devices has greatly increased the risk of cyber-attacks at the edge layer of computer networks. The rise of edge devices has driven extensive research into their cybersecurity challenges. These devices require robust protection to counter possible cyberattacks. Trust is a key security parameter used to determine the level of protection required for a device.. Trustworthiness gives confidence to other devices before they offer or request a service. The trust value indicates the probability of risk that a device may incur while engaging with another device. There are various solutions, but many fail due to the diversity of edge devices in the Internet of Things. In this paper, an efficient trust management framework, APPLETA, has been proposed. It computes the trust value based on routine application transactions and authentication behaviours without additional overhead. Simulation results show that the trust value is computed more efficiently, using only one application transaction trust parameter. APPLETA has demonstrated better results against good and bad-mouthing attacks with two parameters: application transaction and authentication. This scheme can effectively segregate malicious and harmless nodes. This segregation can further assist in the precise detection of malicious nodes. © 1975-2011 IEEE. | Mahmood, Shahid; Gohar, Moneeb; Koh, Seok-Joo; Tariq, Muhammad Usman; Ghani, Anwar | Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Shangrilla Road, E-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Shangrilla Road, E-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan; School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, South Korea; Marketing, Operations, Information Systems, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates; Department of Computer Science, International Islamic University, Department of Computer Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Big Data Research Center, Department of Computer Engineering, Jeju National University, South Korea, Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan | 7103283342; 36104105300; 8958394800; 56542764000; 55366311900 | mgohar.buic@bahria.edu.pk; | IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics | IEEE T CONSUM ELECTR | 0098-3063 | 1558-4127 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2024 | 10.9 | 2.9 | 0 | 2025-06-11 | 0 | APPLETA; Application Transactions; Artificial Intelligence; Blockchain; Cyber-Attack; Edge Device; Internet of Things; Machine Learning; Network; Resource-Constrained; Security; Trust Management | Electronic crime countermeasures; Internet; Malware; Network management; Application level; Application level trust authority; Application transaction; Block-chain; Cyber-attacks; Edge device; Machine-learning; Network; Resource-constrained; Security; Trust management; Cyber attacks | English | Article in press | 2025 | 10.1109/tce.2025.3571817 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||||||
| ○ | Article | Joint DRL-Based UAV Trajectory Planning and TEG-Based Task Offloading | The Time-Expanded Graph (TEG) has been widely used to model the dynamically changing network topology of the hierarchical Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN) with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) due to the mobility of UAVs. However, this modeling typically assumes known UAV trajectories, which poses challenges for task offloading when the trajectories are unknown. To address this, we propose a novel approach called Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) and Sliding Window-based Enhanced TEG (seTEG), referred to as A2C-seTEG. This approach jointly plans UAV trajectories and offloads tasks by dividing the entire trajectory period into smaller sliding time windows. Within each window, UAV trajectories are planned using the A2C model of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for application in our proposed enhanced TEG (eTEG). By feeding back offloading results from the previous sliding window into the trajectory planning process of the subsequent window, we aim to adjust the DRL training process and optimize both immediate and overall planning and offloading outcomes. The A2C model outperforms its Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) counterpart in terms of stability, convergence speed, and performance, making it a more effective solution for our scenario. Additionally, we explore the effects of various window sizes and stride lengths on performance, highlighting the trade-offs between algorithmic complexity and overall effectiveness. © 2025 IEEE. | Zhao, Ke; Peng, Limei; Tak, Byungchul | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, Guangdong, China; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, Guangdong, China, Kyungpook National University, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Deagu, South Korea; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, Guangdong, China | 57439189700; 7201574271; 59818636900 | auroraplm@gmail.com; | IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics | IEEE T CONSUM ELECTR | 0098-3063 | 1558-4127 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC;TELECOMMUNICATIONS | 2024 | 10.9 | 2.9 | 3.27 | 2025-05-07 | 1 | Data offloading; DRL; Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks; TEG; UAV trajectory | English | Article in press | 2025 | 10.1109/tce.2025.3529892 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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