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| ○ | Article | Progress in health among regions of Ethiopia, 1990-2019: a subnational country analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Background Previous Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) studies have reported national health estimates for Ethiopia. Substantial regional variations in socioeconomic status, population, demography, and access to health care within Ethiopia require comparable estimates at the subnational level. The GBD 2019 Ethiopia subnational analysis aimed to measure the progress and disparities in health across nine regions and two chartered cities. Methods We gathered 1057 distinct data sources for Ethiopia and all regions and cities that included census, demographic surveillance, household surveys, disease registry, health service use, disease notifications, and other data for this analysis. Using all available data sources, we estimated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), total fertility rate (TFR), life expectancy, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years, and risk-factor-attributable health loss with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for Ethiopia's nine regions and two chartered cities from 1990 to 2019. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, cause of death ensemble model, Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, and other models were used to generate fertility, mortality, cause of death, and disability rates. The risk factor attribution estimations followed the general framework established for comparative risk assessment. Findings The SDI steadily improved in all regions and cities from 1990 to 2019, yet the disparity between the highest and lowest SDI increased by 54% during that period. The TFR declined from 6.91 (95% UI 6.59-7.20) in 1990 to 4.43 (4.01-4.92) in 2019, but the magnitude of decline also varied substantially among regions and cities. In 2019, TFR ranged from 6.41 (5.96-6.86) in Somali to 1.50 (1.26-1.80) in Addis Ababa. Life expectancy improved in Ethiopia by 21.93 years (21.79-22.07), from 46.91 years (45.71-48.11) in 1990 to 68.84 years (67.51-70.18) in 2019. Addis Ababa had the highest life expectancy at 70.86 years (68.91-72.65) in 2019; Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz had the lowest at 63.74 years (61.53-66.01) for Afar and 64.28 (61.99-66.63) for Benishangul-Gumuz. The overall increases in life expectancy were driven by declines in under-5 mortality and mortality from common infectious diseases, nutritional deficiency, and war and conflict. In 2019, the age-standardised all-cause death rate was the highest in Afar at 1353.38 per 100 000 population (1195.69-1526.19). The leading causes of premature mortality for all sexes in Ethiopia in 2019 were neonatal disorders, diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, stroke, HIV/AIDS, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, congenital defects, and diabetes. With high SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Harari had low rates of premature mortality from the five leading causes, whereas regions with low SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes (Afar and Somali) had high rates of premature mortality from the leading causes. In 2019, child and maternal malnutrition; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; air pollution; high systolic blood pressure; alcohol use; and high fasting plasma glucose were the leading risk factors for health loss across regions and cities. Interpretation There were substantial improvements in health over the past three decades across regions and chartered cities in Ethiopia. However, the progress, measured in SDI, life expectancy, TFR, premature mortality, disability, and risk factors, was not uniform. Federal and regional health policy makers should match strategies, resources, and interventions to disease burden and risk factors across regions and cities to achieve national and regional plans, Sustainable Development Goals, and universal health coverage targets. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. | Misganaw, Awoke; Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H.; Giref, Ababi Zergaw; Berheto, Tezera Moshago; Waktola, Ebba Abate; Kempen, John H.; Eticha, Getachew Tollera; Wolde, Tsigereda Kifle; Deguma, Dereje; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Akalu, Yonas; Aklilu, Addis; Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun; Asemahagn, Mulusew A.; Awedew, Atalel Fentahun; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye; Beyene, Addisu Shunu; Beyene, Misrak Getnet; Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint; Birhanu, Biruk Tesfaye; Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna; Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Dagnew, Amare Belachew; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen; Demissie, Getu Debalkie; Molla, Meseret Derbew; Dereje, Nebiyu; Deribe, Kebede; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Eshetu, Munir Kassa; Ferede, Tomas Y.; Gebreyohannes, Eyob Alemayehu; Geremew, Abraham; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Getacher, Lemma; Glenn, Scott D.; Hafebo, Aregash Samuel; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Hay, Simon I.; Hordofa, Diriba Fufa; Huluko, Dawit Hoyiso; Kasa, Ayele Semachew; Azene, Getinet Kassahun; Kebede, Ermiyas Mulu; Kebede, Hafte Kahsay; Kelkay, Bayew; Kidane, Samuel Z.; Legesse, Samson Mideksa; Manamo, Wondimu Ayele; Melaku, Yohannes Adama A.; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku; Mengesha, Sisay Derso; Merie, Hayimro Edemealem; Mersha, Abera M.; Mersha, Amanual Getnet; Mirutse, Mizan Kiros; Mohammed, Ammas Siraj; Mohammed, Hussen; Mohammed, Salahuddin; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Nigatu, Dabere; Obsa, Mohammed Suleiman; Odo, Daniel Bogale; Omer, Muktar; Regassa, Lemma Demissie; Sahiledengle, Biniyam; Shaka, Mohammed Feyisso; Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw; Sidemo, Negussie Boti; Sinke, Abiy H.; Sintayehu, Yitagesu; Sorrie, Muluken Bekele; Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun; Tadesse, Eyayou Girma; Tamir, Zemenu; Tamiru, Animut Tagele; Tareke, Amare Abera; Tefera, Yonas Getaye; Tekalegn, Yohannes; Tesema, Ayenew Kassie; Tesema, Tefera Tadele; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile; Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse; Tilahun, Tadesse; Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie; Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno; Weledesemayat, Geremew Tassew; Yazie, Taklo Simeneh; Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew; Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale; Zegeye, Desalegn Tegabu; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Gebremedhin, Lia Tadesse | Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA; Natl Data Management Ctr Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, HIV & TB Res Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Res & Technol Transfer, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Food Sci & Nutr Res Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Knowledge Translat Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Noninfectious Dis Res Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Hlth Syst & Reprod Hlth Res Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Bergen, Norway; Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Hlth Syst & Policy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Surg, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Harvard Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02115 USA; MyungSung Med Coll, Eye Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Minist Hlth, Dept Strateg Direct, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Minist Hlth, Off Minister, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jimma Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Jimma, Ethiopia; Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Ethiopia; Jimma Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Jimma, Ethiopia; Jimma Univ, Sch Pharm, Jimma, Ethiopia; Jimma Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia; Near East Univ, Dept Biostat, Nicosia, Cyprus; Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Biostat & Hlth Informat, Bale Robe, Ethiopia; Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Bale Robe, Ethiopia; Univ South Australia, Australian Ctr Precis Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Univ Gondar, Dept Med Physiol, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Dept Biochem, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Dept Surg Nursing, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Pharm, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Dept Midwifery, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Sch Med, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Sch Nursing, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia; Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia; Arba Minch Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Arba Minch Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Arba Minch Univ, Dept Nursing, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Arba Minch Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Arba Minch Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Arba Minch Univ, Dept Midwifery, Injbara, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Internal Med, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Lab Med Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Adult Hlth Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Nutr, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth & Populat Studies, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Microtech Labs, Dept Med & Mol Microbiol, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India; Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Harar, Ethiopia; Haramaya Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia; Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia; Haramaya Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Harar, Ethiopia; Wollega Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Univ Newcastle, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Wolaita Sodo Univ, Dept Nursing, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; Wolaita Sodo Univ, Dept Anesthesia, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Hlth Syst & Reprod Hlth Res Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Univ Nantes, Hlth 1, Nantes, France; Coll Vet Med, Daegu, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Daegu, South Korea; Addis Ababa Univ, Coll Vet Med & Agr, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia; Wachemo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Hossana, Ethiopia; Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Wellcome Trust Brighton & Sussex Ctr Global Hlth, Brighton, E Sussex, England; St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hawassa Univ, Sch Nursing, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Hawassa Univ, Dept Midwifery, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Hawassa Univ, Dept Pediat, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Univ Western Australia, Div Pharm, Perth, WA, Australia; Haramaya Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Med & Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide Inst Sleep Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Univ S Australia, Southgate Inst Hlth & Soc, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Mekelle Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Nursing, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jijiga, Ethiopia; Univ Antwerp Hosp, Dept Primary & Interdisciplinary Care, Antwerp, Belgium; Mizan Tepi Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Teferi, Ethiopia; Ambo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ambo, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa City Adm Hlth Bur, Hlth Serv Delivery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Univ Global Hlth Equ, Dept Global Hlth Delivery, Kigali, Ethiopia; Debre Markos Univ, Dept Stat, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Midwifery, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Univ Mississippi, Dept Biomol Sci, Oxford, MS USA; Mizan Tepi Univ, Dept Pharm, Mizan, Ethiopia; Wolaita Sodo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci & Med, Soddo, Ethiopia; Arsi Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Asella, Ethiopia; Dilla Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dilla, Ethiopia; Program Serv Unit, Pathfinder Int, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea; Debre Tabor Univ, Dept Biol, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; Debre Tabor Univ, Dept Pharm, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; Haramaya Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Haramaya, Ethiopia; Inst Healthcare Improvement, Healthcare Financing Improvement Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | Geremew, Abraham/IWE-1716-2023; Mohammed, Hussen/AAT-9411-2021; Kidane, Samuel/MZR-7954-2025; Dachew, Berihun/I-3111-2019; Misganaw, Awoke/AAV-6358-2021; Birhanu, Biruk/F-1622-2017; Hay, Simon/F-8967-2015; Mamo, Abera/AAM-4166-2020; Kebede, Ermiyas/AAR-9355-2021; TEKALEGN, YOHANNES/AAG-9451-2020; Gesesew, Hailay/AAF-6486-2020; Regassa, Lemma/V-3091-2019; Aklilu, Addis/AGX-6405-2022; Ahmed, Muktar/G-6184-2019; Mirkuzie, Alemnesh Hailemariam/KCJ-7534-2024; Murray, Christopher/JZD-3782-2024; Tareke, Amare/AAI-4584-2020; Mesregah, Mohamed/Y-5819-2019; Obsa, Mohammed/AAD-9390-2022; Ali, Mohammed/N-9833-2013; Odo, Daniel/JPK-4818-2023; Castaldelli-Maia, João/I-6309-2013; Mohammed, Salahuddin/A-7033-2019; Ahmed, Muktar/AAY-6783-2020; Boti Sidamo, Negussie/X-7354-2019; Yazie, Taklo Simeneh/AAI-4660-2020; Tadesse, Zemenu/ABG-1690-2021; Tesfay, Fisaha/J-5522-2015; Deribe, Kebede/K-7055-2019; Khajuria, Himanshu/I-7952-2018; Hassen, Hamid/A-1105-2019; shiferaw, wondimeneh/ABB-2928-2020; Yeheyis, Tomas/C-2959-2018; Odo, Daniel Bogale/JPK-4818-2023; Tefera, Yonas/KLY-4952-2024; Getacher (PhD), Lemma/AAE-8421-2021; Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel/ABB-9520-2020; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar/J-6908-2014; Dachew, Berihun Assefa/I-3111-2019; Shaka, Mohammed/GWZ-2414-2022; Edemealem, Hayimro/ABC-9823-2021; Abegaz, Kedir/AAE-7080-2021; Mirzaei, Maryam/ABC-7674-2020; Bezabih, Yihienew/ACC-0395-2022; Sidamo, Negussie/X-7354-2019; Gebreyohannes, Eyob Alemayehu/E-5608-2018; Awedew, Atalel/AAY-1114-2020; Dereje, Nebiyu/AAF-7817-2019; Getacher, Lemma/AAE-8421-2021; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku/AFI-5055-2022; Sinke, Abiy/AAP-9516-2021; Sahiledengle, Biniyam/AAG-9457-2020; Asemahagn, Mulusew/J-9889-2019; Mengesha, Sisay Derso/M-8085-2015; tusa, biruk/AAL-3907-2021; Nigatu, Dabere/Q-9332-2018; Molla, Meseret/ABB-1928-2020; Beyene, Addisu/IZQ-5966-2023; Abate, Kalkidan/ABA-9014-2020; Aminorroaya, Arya/G-8026-2019; Sintayehu, Yitagesu/AAI-8506-2021; Semachew, Ayele/U-5329-2019; Hashi, Abdiwahab/AAM-5480-2021; Regassa, Lemma Demissie/V-3091-2019; Melaku, Yohannes/S-2451-2019; Debalkie, Getu/AAH-4043-2020; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar/A-8552-2016 | awoket@uw.edu; | LANCET | LANCET | 0140-6736 | 1474-547X | 399 | 10332 | SCIE | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | 2022 | 168.9 | 0.3 | 58 | COVERAGE | English | 2022 | 2022-04-02 | 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02868-3 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||||||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Reconciling models of interfacial state kinetics and device performance in organic solar cells: impact of the energy offsets on the power conversion efficiency | Achieving the simultaneous increases in the open circuit voltage (V-oc), short circuit current (J(sc)) and fill factor (FF) necessary to further increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPV) requires a unified understanding of how molecular and device parameters affect all three characteristics. In this contribution, we introduce a framework that for the first time combines different models that have been used separately to describe the different steps of the charge generation and collection processes in OPV devices: a semi-classical rate model for charge recombination processes in OPV devices, zero-dimensional kinetic models for the photogeneration process and exciton dissociation and one-dimensional semiconductor device models. Using this unified multi-scale model in conjunction with experimental techniques (time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, steady-state and transient optoelectronic measurements) that probe the various steps involved in charge generation we can shed light on how the energy offsets in a series of polymer: non-fullerene devices affect the charge carrier generation, collection, and recombination properties of the devices. We find that changing the energy levels of the donor significantly affects not only the transition rates between local-exciton (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) states, but also significantly changes the transition rates between CT and charge-separated (CS) states, challenging the commonly accepted picture of charge generation and recombination. These results show that in order to obtain an accurate picture of charge generation in OPV devices, a variety of different experimental techniques under different conditions in conjunction with a comprehensive model of processes occurring at different time-scales are required. | Azzouzi, Mohammed; Gallop, Nathaniel P.; Eisner, Flurin; Yan, Jun; Zheng, Xijia; Cha, Hyojung; He, Qiao; Fei, Zhuping; Heeney, Martin; Bakulin, Artem A.; Nelson, Jenny | Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England; Imperial Coll London, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England; Imperial Coll London, Dept Chem, London W12 0BZ, England; Imperial Coll London, Ctr Processable Elect, London W12 0BZ, England; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Hydrogen & Renewable Energy, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Tianjin Univ, Inst Mol Plus, Tianjin Key Lab Mol Optoelect Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China | ; Fei, Zhuping/A-7588-2019; Eisner, Flurin/AAU-4013-2021; Yan, Jun/AAD-2292-2021; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Nelson, Jenny/CAF-2009-2022; Azzouzi, Mohammed/CAF-8631-2022; Bakulin, Artem/B-3940-2012; He, Qiao/JCO-2897-2023 | 57194124770; 56845706700; 56318783100; 56673220000; 57211055676; 35885242200; 57161726500; 53866415700; 6701353187; 7005926513; 55665151000 | Mohammed.azzouzi15@imperial.ac.uk;jenny.nelson@imperial.ac.uk; | ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE | ENERG ENVIRON SCI | 1754-5692 | 1754-5706 | 15 | 3 | SCIE | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;ENERGY & FUELS;ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL;ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES | 2022 | 32.5 | 0.4 | 1.88 | 2025-06-25 | 28 | 28 | OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; ACCEPTOR; RECOMBINATION; GENERATION | Charge transfer; Conversion efficiency; Excitons; Open circuit voltage; Organic solar cells; Semiconductor devices; Charge generation; Device performance; Energy offset; Experimental techniques; Interfacial state; Kinetics performance; Open-circuit voltages; Organic photovoltaic devices; Power conversion efficiencies; Transition rates; energy efficiency; fuel cell; performance assessment; photovoltaic system; solar radiation; Absorption spectroscopy | English | 2022 | 2022-03-16 | 10.1039/d1ee02788c | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Analyzing the effects of terrorist attacks on the value of cash holdings | This study focuses on terrorist attacks as exogenous shocks on business uncertainty, specifically whether terrorist attacks affect the value of a firm's cash holdings. We find that firms with excess cash have higher cash holding values when a terrorist attack occurs near their locations; these results also hold for the excess stock returns of firms that increased their cash holdings. Furthermore, the results strengthen when firms face more financial constraints, fewer agency conflicts, and better investment opportunities. Overall, this study suggests that cash is a more valuable asset under the circumstance with high uncertainty such as terrorist attacks. | Kim, Hyeong Joon; Han, Seung Hun; Mun, Seongjae | Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Business & Technol Management, Coll Business, 291 Daehak Ro, Daejeon, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Business Adm, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu, South Korea | Han, Seung/C-1783-2011 | 57204978577; 25824269200; 57216877275 | creatinghj@kaist.ac.kr;synosia@kaist.ac.kr;forbelld@knu.ac.kr; | FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS | FINANC RES LETT | 1544-6123 | 1544-6131 | 45 | SSCI | BUSINESS, FINANCE | 2022 | 10.4 | 0.5 | 1.25 | 2025-06-25 | 15 | 15 | Terrorist attacks; Excess cash; Value of cash holdings; Business uncertainty | FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS; CORPORATE GOVERNANCE; UNCERTAINTY; POLICY; FIRMS; CONSEQUENCES | Business uncertainty; Excess cash; Terrorist attacks; Value of cash holdings | English | 2022 | 2022-03 | 10.1016/j.frl.2021.102171 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Correcting Sample Selection Bias of Historical Digital Trace Data: Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) and Type II Tobit Model | Digital trace data have become one of the central pillars of media research methods. Despite the opportunities for better understanding individual users' true behaviors in the personalized media environment, many scholars have pointed out the potential for bias in trace data collections, questioning the generalizability of findings based on them. In this study, we propose two statistical bias correction methods-Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) and Type II Tobit, which are designed to remedy selection bias of inference from digital trace data donated by research participants. Applying these methods to Facebook take-out data, we demonstrate how the correction methods can change estimated effect sizes, which is important for the translation of academic findings into real-world impacts. We conduct two simulation studies, one under fully synthetic and another under partially simulated conditions, and find that Type II Tobit generally provides a more robust and cost-efficient correction method for digital trace data. | Pak, Chankyung; Cotter, Kelley; Thorson, Kjerstin | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Journalism & Mass Commun, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Penn State Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; Michigan State Univ, Dept Advertising Publ Relat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; Michigan State Univ, Sch Journalism, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA | 57221594374; 57194288355; 16302616500 | chankyungpak@uic.edu.hk; | COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES | COMMUN METHODS MEAS | 1931-2458 | 1931-2466 | 16 | 2 | SSCI | COMMUNICATION | 2022 | 11.4 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 2025-06-25 | 4 | 5 | SELF-REPORTED MEASURES; CAUSAL INFERENCE; ACCURACY; MEDIA; TIME | English | 2022 | 2022-04-03 | 10.1080/19312458.2022.2037537 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Flocculation kinetics and mechanisms of microalgae- and clay-containing suspensions in different microalgal growth phases | Interplays between microalgae and clay minerals enhance biologically mediated flocculation, thereby affecting the sedimentation and transportation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water and benthic environments. This interaction forms larger flocs with a higher settling velocity and enhances SPM sinking. The aim of this study was to investigate the flocculation kinetics of microalgae and clay in suspension and to elucidate the mechanisms associated with such interactions. Standard jar test experiments were conducted using various mixtures of kaolinite and microalgal samples from batch cultures (Chlorella vulgaris) to estimate biologically mediated flocculation kinetics. The organic matter (OM) composition secreted by the microalgae was characterized using a liquid chromatography -organic carbon detection system, and quantitative analysis of transparent exopolymer particles was conducted separately. A two-class flocculation kinetic model, based on the interaction between flocculi and flocs, was also adopted to quantitatively analyze the experimental data from flocculation. Results from the flocculation kinetic tests and OM analyses, in association with other data analyses (i.e., floc size dis-tribution and flocculation kinetic model), showed that flocculation increased with OM concentration during the growth phase (10-20 d). However, on day 23 during the early stationary phase, flocculation kinetics started decreasing and substantially declined on day 30, even though the amount of OM (mainly biopolymers) continued to increase. Our results indicate that an adequate quantity of biopolymers produced by the microalgal cells in the growth phase enhanced floc-to-floc attachment and hence flocculation kinetics. In contrast, an excessive quantity of biopolymers and humic substances in the stationary phase enhanced the formation of polymeric backbone structures and flocculation via scavenging particles but simultaneously increased steric stabilization with the production of a large number of fragmented particles. | Ho, Que Nguyen; Fettweis, Michael; Hur, Jin; Desmit, Xavier; Kim, Jae In; Jung, Dae Won; Lee, Sang Deuk; Lee, Sungyun; Choi, Yun Young; Lee, Byung Joon | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Energy Environm Inst, 2559 Gyeongsang Daero, Sangju 37224, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Ton Duc Thang Univ, Fac Environm & Labour Safety, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Operat Directorate Nat Environm, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Sejong Univ, Dept Environm & Energy, Seoul 05006, South Korea; Nakdonggang Natl Inst Biol Resources NNIBR, Sangju 37242, Gyeongsangbug D, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Adv Sci & Technol Convergence, 2559 Gyeongsang Daero, Sangju 37224, Gyeongbuk, South Korea | ; Lee, Jungmin/KHT-2438-2024; Kim, Sulhee/HLW-9057-2023; Nguyen Ho, Que/HLQ-4684-2023 | 57442240100; 6603404718; 7005096817; 56630990900; 57194534599; 57944827200; 55983604500; 36438267000; 56019880500; 56016052400 | bjlee@knu.ac.kr; | WATER RESEARCH | WATER RES | 0043-1354 | 1879-2448 | 226 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL;ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;WATER RESOURCES | 2022 | 12.8 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 2025-06-25 | 26 | 26 | Flocculation; Microalgae; Clay; Floc size distribution; Bayesian calibration | EXOPOLYMER PARTICLES TEP; ORGANIC-MATTER; ALGAE; SIZE; AGGREGATION; SEDIMENT; PHYTOPLANKTON; CONSEQUENCES; KAOLINITE; EXCRETION | Bayesian calibration; Clay; Floc size distribution; Flocculation; Microalgae | Chlorella vulgaris; Clay; Flocculation; Kinetics; Microalgae; Suspensions; Batch reactors; Biomolecules; Biopolymers; Flocculation; Growth kinetics; Kinetic parameters; Kinetic theory; Liquid chromatography; Organic carbon; Ostwald ripening; Size distribution; Suspensions (fluids); aluminum silicate; biopolymer; organic carbon; Bayesian calibration; Floc size distribution; Flocculation kinetics; Flocculation kinetics and mechanisms; Growth phase; Growth phasis; Kinetic models; Micro-algae; Stationary phase; Suspended particulate matters; Bayesian analysis; calibration; clay; flocculation; microalga; reaction kinetics; size distribution; algal growth; Article; Chlorella vulgaris; dry weight; flocculation; growth curve; humic substance; incubation time; liquid chromatography; nonhuman; optical density; quantitative analysis; clay; flocculation; kinetics; microalga; suspension; Microalgae | English | 2022 | 2022-11-01 | 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119300 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Review | Flocculation with heterogeneous composition in water environments: A review | Flocculation is a key process for controlling the fate and transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water environments and has received considerable attention in the field of water science (e.g., oceanography, limnology, and hydrology), remaining an active area of research. The research on flocculation has been conducted to elucidate the SPM dynamics and to diagnose various environmental issues. The flocculation, sedimentation, and transportation of SPM are closely linked to the compositional and structural properties of flocs. In fact, flocs are highly heterogeneous in terms of composition. However, the lack of comprehensive research on floc composition and structure has led to misconceptions regarding the temporal and spatial dynamics of SPM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the heterogeneous composition of flocs (e.g., minerals, organic matter, metals, microplastic, engineered nanoparticles) and its effect on their structure and on their fate and transport within aquatic environments. Furthermore, the effects of human activities (e.g., pollutant discharge, construction) on floc composition are discussed. | Ho, Que Nguyen; Fettweis, Michael; Spencer, Kate L.; Lee, Byung Joon | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Energy Environm Inst, 2559 Gyeongsang Daero, Sangju 37224, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Operat Directorate Nat Environm, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Geog, London E1 4NS, England; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Adv Sci & Technol Convergence, 2559 Gyeongsang Daero, Sangju 37224, Gyeongbuk, South Korea | ; Nguyen Ho, Que/HLQ-4684-2023; Lee, Jungmin/KHT-2438-2024 | 57442240100; 6603404718; 12759946000; 56016052400 | bjlee@knu.ac.kr; | WATER RESEARCH | WATER RES | 0043-1354 | 1879-2448 | 213 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL;ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;WATER RESOURCES | 2022 | 12.8 | 0.5 | 2.04 | 2025-06-25 | 75 | 77 | Suspended particle matter; Flocculation; Heterogeneous composition; Organic matter; Microplastics; AB; Alcian Blue; CBB; Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CSPs; Coomassie stainable particles; DOM; Dissolved organic matter; ENPs; Engineered nanoparticles; EPS; Extracellular polymeric substances; FA; Fulvic acids; HA; Humic acids; Hm; Humin; HS; Humic substances; LB-EPS; Loosely bound EPS; MPs; Microplastics; OM; Organic matter; OWFs; Offshore wind farms; POM; Particulate organic matter; SPM; Suspended particulate matter; TB-EPS; Tightly bound EPS; TEP; Transparent exopolymer particles; TOC; Total organic carbon | EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES; TRANSPARENT EXOPOLYMER PARTICLES; COOMASSIE STAINABLE PARTICLES; SOLUBLE MICROBIAL PRODUCTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DYE-BINDING ASSAY; WASTE-WATER; AGGREGATE FORMATION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; MARINE SNOW | AB, Alcian Blue; CBB, Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CSPs, Coomassie stainable particles; DOM, Dissolved organic matter; ENPs, Engineered nanoparticles; EPS, Extracellular polymeric substances; FA, Fulvic acids; Flocculation; HA, Humic acids; Heterogeneous composition; Hm, Humin; HS, Humic substances; LB-EPS, Loosely bound EPS; Microplastics; MPs, Microplastics; OM, Organic matter; Organic matter; OWFs, Offshore wind farms; POM, Particulate organic matter; SPM, Suspended particulate matter; Suspended particle matter; TB-EPS, Tightly bound EPS; TEP, Transparent exopolymer particles; TOC, Total organic carbon | Flocculation; Metal nanoparticles; Offshore oil well production; Ostwald ripening; Structure (composition); AB, alcian blue; Alcian blues; Bound EPS; CBB, coomassie brilliant blue; Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CSP, coomassie stainable particle; Dissolved organic matters; DOM, dissolved organic matter; Engineered nanoparticles; ENP, engineered nanoparticle; EPS, extracellular polymeric substance; Extracellular; FA, fulvic acid; Fulvic acids; HA, humic acid; Heterogeneous composition; Hm, humin; HS, humic substance; Humic acid; Humic substances; LB-EPS, loosely bound EPS; Microplastics; MP, microplastic; OM, organic matter; OWF, offshore wind farm; Particulate organic matters; Polymeric substance; POM, particulate organic matter; Suspended particle matters; Suspended particulate matter, suspended particulate matter; Suspended particulate matters; TB-EPS, tightly bound EPS; TEP, transparent exopolymer particle; TOC, total organic carbon; Total Organic Carbon; Transparent exopolymer particles; Organic carbon | English | 2022 | 2022-04-15 | 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118147 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Large-area perovskite solar cells employing spiro-Naph hole transport material | Stabilizing the best-performing state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on a spiro-OMeTAD hole transport material (HTM), without sacrificing their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) levels, is a challenging task. By exploiting the symmetry-tuned strategy at the molecular level, we have developed spiro-OMeTAD analogues (namely, the spiro-Naph series) with asymmetric phenylnaphthylamine edge units. The new spiro-Naph HTM-based PSC achieved a high PCE of 24.43%, higher than that achieved with spiro-OMeTAD. In addition to excellent stability when soaking the encapsulated device with continuous light, superior device stability was also obtained for the unencapsulated spiro-Naph-based PSC-a PCE of 21.12% was retained in air with similar to 25% relative humidity after 2,000 h and a PCE of 18.79% was retained at an elevated temperature of 60 degrees C after 400 h. We also constructed a spiro-Naph-based large-area module (25 cm(2)) with a PCE of 21.83%. | Jeong, Mingyu; Choi, In Woo; Yim, Kanghoon; Jeong, Seonghun; Kim, Minjin; Choi, Seung Ju; Cho, Yongjoon; An, Jeong-Ho; Kim, Hak-Beom; Jo, Yimhyun; Kang, So-Huei; Bae, Jin-Hyuk; Lee, Chan-Woo; Kim, Dong Suk; Yang, Changduk | Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, Low Dimens Carbon Mat Ctr, Sch Energy & Chem Engn, Dept Energy Engn,Perovtron Res Ctr, Ulsan, South Korea; Korea Inst Energy Res, Ulsan Adv Energy Technol R&D Ctr, Ulsan, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Daegu, South Korea; Korea Inst Energy Res, Platform Technol Lab, Daejeon, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Daegu, South Korea | kim, hak-beom/HGU-1087-2022; Cho, Yongjoon/JQV-4650-2023; Choi, In Woo/AAA-7391-2022; Yim, Kanghoon/AAE-6378-2022; Yang, Changduk/E-5933-2010 | 57194166140; 57189686986; 57191483030; 57217013993; 57200517006; 57222334423; 57202288982; 57215721867; 55624289700; 36903636000; 57188761340; 35326180700; 57230005400; 55816248100; 15770438700 | cwandtj@kier.re.kr;kimds@kier.re.kr;yang@unist.ac.kr; | NATURE PHOTONICS | NAT PHOTONICS | 1749-4885 | 1749-4893 | 16 | 2 | SCIE | OPTICS;PHYSICS, APPLIED | 2022 | 34.9 | 0.5 | 16.4 | 2025-06-25 | 179 | 180 | HIGHLY EFFICIENT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE; DENSITY | Hole mobility; Perovskite; Cell-based; Continuous light; Device stability; Efficiency levels; High power conversion; Hole transport materials; Material-based; Molecular levels; Power conversion efficiencies; State of the art; Perovskite solar cells | English | 2022 | 2022-02 | 10.1038/s41566-021-00931-7 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Multi-center validation of machine learning model for preoperative prediction of postoperative mortality | Accurate prediction of postoperative mortality is important for not only successful postoperative patient care but also for information-based shared decision-making with patients and efficient allocation of medical resources. This study aimed to create a machine-learning prediction model for 30-day mortality after a non-cardiac surgery that adapts to the manageable amount of clinical information as input features and is validated against multi-centered rather than single-centered data. Data were collected from 454,404 patients over 18 years of age who underwent non-cardiac surgeries from four independent institutions. We performed a retrospective analysis of the retrieved data. Only 12-18 clinical variables were used for model training. Logistic regression, random forest classifier, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and deep neural network methods were applied to compare the prediction performances. To reduce overfitting and create a robust model, bootstrapping and grid search with tenfold cross-validation were performed. The XGBoost method in Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) data delivers the best performance in terms of the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) (0.9376) and the area under the precision-recall curve (0.1593). The predictive performance was the best when the SNUH model was validated with Ewha Womans University Medical Center data (AUROC, 0.941). Preoperative albumin, prothrombin time, and age were the most important features in the model for each hospital. It is possible to create a robust artificial intelligence prediction model applicable to multiple institutions through a light predictive model using only minimal preoperative information that can be automatically extracted from each hospital. | Lee, Seung Wook; Lee, Hyung-Chul; Suh, Jungyo; Lee, Kyung Hyun; Lee, Heonyi; Seo, Suryang; Kim, Tae Kyong; Lee, Sang-Wook; Kim, Yi-Jun | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Med, Daegu, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seoul, South Korea; Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Seoul, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Digital Hlth, SAIHST, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biomed Syst Informat, Bioinformat Collaborat Unit, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, SMG SNU Boramae Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, SMG SNU Boramae Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seoul, South Korea; Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seoul, South Korea; Ewha Womans Univ, Mokdong Hosp, Inst Convergence Med, Seoul, South Korea | Kim, Eun-hee/KEI-6829-2024; seo, suryang/JCF-0487-2023; SEO, Soo/JCF-0487-2023; Lee, Kyung Hyun/IAP-4685-2023; Lee, Hyung-Chul/U-1910-2019 | 57194346815; 55578791400; 57193006727; 57374288700; 57216590934; 57795530900; 55967363000; 57290129900; 56714252700 | seungwooklee94@gmail.com;yijunkim@ewha.ac.kr;sangwooklee20@gmail.com; | NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE | NPJ DIGIT MED | 2398-6352 | 5 | 1 | SCIE | HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES;MEDICAL INFORMATICS | 2022 | 15.2 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 2025-06-25 | 27 | 27 | CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION; ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY SCORE; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; ADVERSE EVENTS; RISK PREDICTION; INTENSIVE-CARE; APACHE; POSSUM; RECOVERY; SURGERY | Decision trees; Deep neural networks; Forecasting; Learning systems; Random forests; albumin; Accurate prediction; Cardiac-surgery; Efficient allocations; Machine learning models; Machine-learning; Patient care; Prediction modelling; Receiver operating characteristic curves; Seoul National University; Shared decision makings; adult; age; albumin blood level; American Society of Anaesthesiologists score; Article; artificial intelligence; body mass; bootstrapping; classifier; comparative study; cross validation; deep neural network; ear nose throat surgery; emergency surgery; extreme gradient boosting; female; general anesthesia; general surgery; gynecologic surgery; human; in-hospital mortality; logistic regression analysis; machine learning; major clinical study; male; middle aged; mortality rate; multicenter study (topic); orthopedic surgery; plastic surgery; predictive model; predictive value; preoperative evaluation; prothrombin time; random forest; receiver operating characteristic; retrospective study; spinal anesthesia; surgical mortality; university hospital; urologic surgery; validation process; Hospitals | English | 2022 | 2022-07-12 | 10.1038/s41746-022-00625-6 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Prices of derivative warrants considering their market characteristics and short-selling costs of underlying assets | We theoretically explain the empirical findings for prices of derivative warrants (DWs). For this, we consider the short-selling costs of underlying assets and the different features of DW such as unavailability of net short positions and existence of a liquidity provider. Accordingly, we explain the similarities and differences between DWs and options. The similarities include that the relative bid-ask spreads increase when the short-selling costs increase or the moneyness becomes out of the money. The differences include that DW prices tend to be higher than option prices and that the bid-ask spreads of DWs can be narrower than those of options. | Bae, Kwangil; Lee, Soonhee | Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Business Adm, Gwangju, South Korea; Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Business Adm, Daegu, South Korea | Bae, Kwangil/P-4898-2016 | 42161158500; 57125338100 | k.bae@chonnam.ac.kr;soonhee@knu.ac.kr; | FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS | FINANC RES LETT | 1544-6123 | 1544-6131 | 45 | SSCI | BUSINESS, FINANCE | 2022 | 10.4 | 0.5 | 0 | 2025-06-25 | 0 | 0 | Short-selling cost; Derivative warrants; Options; Bid-ask spread | BID-ASK SPREAD; OPTIONS; RISK; INFORMATION | Bid–ask spread; Derivative warrants; Options; Short-selling cost | English | 2022 | 2022-03 | 10.1016/j.frl.2021.102177 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | |||
| ○ | ○ | Article | 2D/2D nitrogen-rich graphitic carbon nitride coupled Bi2WO6 S-scheme heterojunction for boosting photodegradation of tetracycline: Influencing factors, intermediates, and insights into the mechanism | A novel two-dimensional 2D/2D Bi2WO6@g-C3N5 (BiW@CN) step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction was designed and fabricated via simple wet chemical approach. The crystal structure, morphology, composition, and optical properties were systematically investigated by multiple techniques. Apparently, BiW@CN heterojunction when compared to bare g-C3N5 and Bi2WO6 has remarkable light-harvesting capability and exhibits better photocatalytic performance toward tetracycline degradation. The excellent enhancement activity of the BiW@CN is due to the formation of S-scheme heterojunction, which not only promotes the spatial charge separation but also endows the reduction power of photogenerated electrons. Notably, the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism was explored by quenching experiments, electron spin resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Finally, the study proposes possible TC degradation pathways by identifying the transformation products. This research provides a new platform for efficient 2D/2D S-scheme heterojunctions for environmental water pollution treatments. | Saravanakumar, Karunamoorthy; Maheskumar, Velusamy; Yea, Yeonji; Yoon, Yeomin; Muthuraj, Velluchamy; Park, Chang Min | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 80 Daehak Ro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Univ South Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 300 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; VHN Senthikumara Nadar Coll Autonomous, Dept Chem, Virudunagar 626001, Tamil Nadu, India | Veluchamy, Muthuraj/AGO-8278-2022; Karunamoorthy, Saravanakumar/Q-2005-2016; Park, Chang Min/CAA-8506-2022; Yoon, Yeomin/KDP-2253-2024 | 57223020778; 57004930400; 57217304205; 7402126688; 57203214600; 57209588953 | sravanan205@gmail.com;mahes.ksm91@gmail.com;dpduswl@naver.com;yoony@cec.sc.edu;muthuraj75@gmail.com;cmpark@knu.ac.kr; | COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING | COMPOS PART B-ENG | 1359-8368 | 1879-1069 | 234 | SCIE | ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY;MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES | 2022 | 13.1 | 0.6 | 8.13 | 2025-06-25 | 110 | 109 | Bi2WO6@(g)-C3N5; 2D/2D heterostructure; S-Scheme; Photocatalysis | DEGRADATION; NANOCOMPOSITE; PHOTOCATALYST | 2D/2D heterostructure; Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub>; Photocatalysis; S-Scheme | Bismuth compounds; Carbon nitride; Charge transfer; Crystal structure; Electron spin resonance spectroscopy; Magnetic moments; Optical properties; Photocatalytic activity; Water pollution; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; 2d/2d heterostructure; Bi2WO6@g-C3N5; Crystals structures; Graphitic carbon nitrides; Light-harvesting; Photo degradation; S-scheme; Simple++; Two-dimensional; Wet-chemical approach; Heterojunctions | English | 2022 | 2022-04-01 | 10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109726 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Bending properties of extruded AZ91-0.9Ca-0.6Y alloy and their improvement through precompression and annealing | In this study, an extruded Mg-9Al-1Zn-0.3Mn-0.9Ca-0.6Y (AZXW9110) alloy is subjected to precompression and subsequent annealing (PCA) treatment for improving its bending formability, and the three-point bending properties of the as-extruded material and the precompressed and subsequently annealed (PCAed) material at room temperature are compared. During bending, microcracks formed in undissolved Al 2 Ca, Al 2 Y, and Al 8 Mn 4 Y particles propagate along the grain boundaries or twin boundaries and consequently form a macrocrack in the tension zones of the bending samples of both the materials. However, the bending formability of the PCAed material is 75% higher than that of the as-extruded material owing to the promoted twinning and slip behaviors in the former. The as-extruded material has a strong normal direction (ND) texture and a weak transverse direction (TD) texture, and the ND- and TD-oriented grains are unfavorable for both {10-12} twinning and basal slip in the tension zone of the bending sample of this material, which eventually results in its low bending formability. The PCAed material has a strong extrusion direction (ED) texture, weak TD texture, and spread ND texture. During bending, {10-12} twins are fully formed in the ED-oriented grains, and this {10-12} twinning effectively accommodates the plastic strain in the tension zone. In addition, the activation of basal slip in the ND-oriented grains of the PCAed material is promoted owing to the spread ND texture of this material. Consequently, this material exhibits substantially superior bending formability because of the vigorous {10-12} twinning in its ED-oriented grains and promoted basal slip in its ND-oriented grains. (c) 2021 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing University | Lee, Jong Un; Lee, Gyo Myeong; Park, Sung Hyuk | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea | Park, Sung-Hyuk/AAE-6726-2022 | 57195056728; 57222810183; 54786002500 | sh.park@knu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS | J MAGNES ALLOY | 2213-9567 | 10 | 8 | SCIE | METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING | 2022 | 17.6 | 0.6 | 1.14 | 2025-06-25 | 18 | 16 | Magnesium; Bending; Formability; Twinning; Texture | MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; AZ31 ALLOY; CA; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; TEMPERATURE | Bending; Formability; Magnesium; Texture; Twinning | Alloy; Annealing; Bending; Boundaries; Formability; Slippage; Tension; Texture; Aluminum alloys; Annealing; Bending dies; Binary alloys; Calcium alloys; Formability; Grain boundaries; Manganese alloys; Microcracks; Tensile strength; Ternary alloys; Textures; As-extruded materials; Bending properties; Normal direction; Pre-compression; Slip behavior; Tension zone; Three point bending; Twin boundaries; Yttrium alloys | English | 2022 | 2022-08 | 10.1016/j.jma.2021.01.011 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Effects of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-3Bi alloy | Effects of Al addition to a Mg-Bi binary alloy on its microstructural characteristics and tensile properties after extrusion are investigated via extrusion of Mg-3Bi-xAl ( x = 0, 1, and 2 wt%) billets and analysis of the extruded materials. The Al addition negligibly affects the second-phase particles of the extruded alloy; however, an increase in the Al content causes significant decreases in the average grain size and maximum texture intensity of the extruded material owing to an increase in the area fraction of dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains. The Al addition improves the strength of the extruded alloy; this improvement is attributed to the enhanced grain-boundary hardening and solid-solution hardening effects induced by grain refinement and Al solute atoms, respectively. As the Al content increases from 0 wt% to 1 wt% and 2 wt%, the tensile elongation increases substantially from 2.8% to 9.4% and 16.9%, respectively. The reduction in the number and size of unDRXed grains with increasing Al content suppresses the formation and coalescence of cracks in the unDRXed grains during tension, which results in a significant improvement in the tensile ductility of the extruded material. During tensile deformation, large undesirable twins that act as crack initiation sites are locally formed in the unDRXed grains of the Mg-3Bi alloy, whereas relatively smaller twins are uniformly formed in both the DRXed and the unDRXed grains of the Mg-3Bi-2Al alloy. Consequently, the extruded Mg-3Bi-2Al alloy has a substantially higher tensile yield strength-elongation product (2924 MPa%) than the extruded Al-free B3 alloy (381 MPa%). (C) 2020 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. | Jin, Sang-Cheol; Cha, Jae Won; Bae, Jun Ho; Yu, Hui; Park, Sung Hyuk | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Inst Mat Sci, Implementat Res Div, Chang Won 51508, South Korea; Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300130, Peoples R China | Park, Sung-Hyuk/AAE-6726-2022 | 57198914140; 57221282466; 36900467300; 7405855938; 54786002500 | sh.park@knu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS | J MAGNES ALLOY | 2213-9567 | 10 | 7 | SCIE | METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING | 2022 | 17.6 | 0.6 | 1.49 | 2025-06-25 | 18 | 18 | Mg-Bi-Al alloy; Extrusion; Microstructure; Strength; Ductility | STRAIN-GRADIENT PLASTICITY; MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; GRAIN-SIZE; EXTRUSION; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; DUCTILITY | Ductility; Extrusion; Mg–Bi–Al alloy; Microstructure; Strength | Agglomeration; Alloy; Extrusion; Grain; Hardening; Increments; Sterculia; Upgrading; Binary alloys; Bismuth alloys; Cracks; Extrusion; Grain boundaries; Grain refinement; Grain size and shape; Hardening; Particle size analysis; Tensile strength; Textures; Coalescence of cracks; Crack initiation sites; Grain boundary hardening; Micro-structural characteristics; Microstructure and mechanical properties; Second phase particles; Solid solution hardening; Tensile yield strength; Aluminum alloys | English | 2022 | 2022-07 | 10.1016/j.jma.2020.11.003 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Effects of homogenization temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-speed-extruded Mg-5Bi-3Al alloy | This study investigates the effects of billet homogenization temperature on the dynamic recrystallization behavior during high-speed extrusion and resultant microstructure and tensile properties of the Mg-5Bi-3Al (BA53, wt%) alloy. Two billets homogenized at 350 and 450 degrees C (350H and 450H billets) are extruded at a high speed of 69 m/min. The 350H billet has a relatively smaller grain size and a higher abundance of fine Mg3Bi2 particles compared to the 450H billet. During extrusion of the 350H billet, enhanced dynamic recrystallization occurs as a result of its finer grains and abundance of particles, while the growth of recrystallized grains is suppressed by the grain-boundary pinning effect of particles. Ultimately, the extruded 350H material is characterized by smaller grains, relatively greater number of Mg3Bi2 particles, and a higher internal strain energy than the extruded 450H material. The tensile strength of the extruded 350H material is higher than that of the extruded 450H material owing to stronger grain-boundary hardening, particle hardening, and strain hardening effects. The extruded 350H material also exhibits a higher tensile elongation as its smaller grains inhibit the formation of crack-inducing undesirable twins during tension. The results from this study demonstrate that a decrease in the homogenization temperature from 450 to 350 degrees C leads to improved strength and ductility in the high-speed-extruded BA53 material. (C) 2021 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. | Cha, Jae Won; Jin, Sang-Cheol; Jung, Jae-Gil; Park, Sung Hyuk | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 80 Daehakro, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Korea Inst Mat Sci, Adv Met Div, Chang Won 51508, South Korea | Park, Sung-Hyuk/AAE-6726-2022 | 57221282466; 57198914140; 56303204900; 54786002500 | sh.park@knu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS | J MAGNES ALLOY | 2213-9567 | 10 | 10 | SCIE | METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING | 2022 | 17.6 | 0.6 | 3.59 | 2025-06-25 | 45 | 42 | Mg-Bi-Al alloy; High-speed extrusion; Homogenization; Dynamic recrystallization; Tensile properties | GRAIN-SIZE; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; EXTRUSION CONDITIONS; TEXTURE; STRENGTH; DUCTILITY; FRACTURE | Dynamic recrystallization; High-speed extrusion; Homogenization; Mg–Bi–Al alloy; Tensile properties | Crystallization; Extrusion; Grain; Hardening; High Velocity; Homogenization; Particles; Temperature; Aluminum alloys; Billets (metal bars); Binary alloys; Bismuth alloys; Dynamic recrystallization; Grain boundaries; Magnesium alloys; Microstructure; Speed; Strain energy; Strain hardening; Tensile strength; Al-alloy; Dynamic recrystallisation; High Speed; High-speed extrusion; Homogenization; Homogenization temperatures; Mg–bi–al alloy; Microstructures and mechanical properties; Small grain size; Small grains; Extrusion | English | 2022 | 2022-10 | 10.1016/j.jma.2021.07.007 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Effects of Sn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Bi binary alloy | We investigated the effects of Sn addition on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of an extruded Mg-Bi binary alloy by comparing Mg-5Bi (B5) and Mg-5Bi-4Sn (BT54). Both the extruded alloys exhibit a partially recrystallized grain structure with a strong extrusion fiber texture and numerous Mg3Bi2 precipitates. However, the addition of Sn significantly decreases the average grain size of the extruded alloy from 123.9 to 75.2 mu m. The Sn solute atoms inhibit the activity of dislocation slip, which reduces the internal strain energy accumulated in the dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains during extrusion. Consequently, this reduced strain energy leads to the decrease in the DRXed grain size owing to weakened grain growth during natural air-cooling. The extruded BT54 alloy exhibits higher tensile strength and ductility than the extruded B5 alloy. The improvement in the strength by the Sn addition is attributed to the combined effects of grain refinement, Sn solute atoms, and increased dislocation density. The formation of {10-11} and {10-11}-110-121 twins during tension is suppressed by the grain refinement, thereby improving the tensile elongation considerably. (C) 2021 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. | Jin, Sang-Cheol; Lee, Jong Un; Go, Jongbin; Yu, Hui; Park, Sung Hyuk | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Yoshida Honmachi, Kyoto 6068501, Japan; Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300130, Peoples R China | Park, Sung-Hyuk/AAE-6726-2022; Yu, Hui/H-8481-2012; yu, hui/H-8481-2012 | 57198914140; 57195056728; 57204606110; 7405855938; 54786002500 | sh.park@knu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS | J MAGNES ALLOY | 2213-9567 | 10 | 3 | SCIE | METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING | 2022 | 17.6 | 0.6 | 2.89 | 2025-06-25 | 33 | 33 | Mg-Bi alloy; Extrusion; Dynamic recrystallization; Microstructure; Mechanical properties | ZN-ZR ALLOY; HIGH-STRENGTH; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; MAGNESIUM ALLOY; HIGH-SPEED; EXTRUSION; TEXTURE; MN; CA; DUCTILITY | Dynamic recrystallization; Extrusion; Mechanical properties; Mg–Bi alloy; Microstructure | Alloy; Atoms; Energy; Exhibitions; Extrusion; Mechanical Properties; Precipitates; Binary alloys; Bismuth alloys; Dynamic recrystallization; Grain growth; Grain refinement; Grain size and shape; Magnesium alloys; Strain energy; Tensile strength; Textures; Tin alloys; Average grain size; Dislocation slip; Dynamic recrystallisation; Extruded alloys; Fiber texture; Grains refinement; Microstructural characteristics; Microstructures and mechanical properties; Recrystallized grains; Solute atoms; Extrusion | English | 2022 | 2022-03 | 10.1016/j.jma.2021.04.015 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | ||
| ○ | ○ | Article | Extrusion limit diagram of AZ91-0.9Ca-0.6Y-0.5MM alloy and effects of extrusion parameters on its microstructure and mechanical properties | An AZ91-0.9Ca-0.6Y-0.5MM (AZXWMM91100) alloy, which has higher corrosion resistance, ignition resistance, and extrudability than a commercial AZ91 alloy, has been developed recently. In this study, the AZXWMM91100 alloy is extruded at various temperatures (300-400 degrees C) and ram speeds (1-14.5 mm/s), and the cracking behaviors, microstructure, and tensile properties of the extruded materials are systematically analyzed. On the basis of the pressure limit and surface and internal cracking limit, the extrusion limit diagram providing a safe extrusion processing zone is established. All of the materials extruded at temperatures and speeds within the safe extrusion processing zone have high surface quality and moderate tensile ductility with an elongation higher than 10%. Moreover, they have a fully recrystallized grain structure and contain undissolved particle stringers arranged parallel to the extrusion direction. The grain size of the extruded material does not show any relationship with the Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z). However, the yield strength (YS) of the extruded material is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the Z value, and their relationship is expressed as YS = -31.2(center dot)log(Z) + 536. These findings may broaden the understanding of the AZXWMM91100 alloy with excellent chemical and physical properties and provide valuable information for the development of high-performance extruded Mg products using this alloy. (c) 2021 Chongqing University. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing University | Lee, Dong Hee; Kim, Ye Jin; Kim, Sang-Hoon; Moon, Byoung Gi; Park, Sung Hyuk | Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Daegu 41566, South Korea; Agcy Def Dev, Daejeon 34186, South Korea; Korea Inst Mat Sci, Adv Met Div, Chang Won 51508, South Korea | Park, Sung-Hyuk/AAE-6726-2022; Kim, Sang-Hoon/AAD-8797-2021 | 57218922670; 59052467200; 57206878833; 7101878674; 54786002500 | sh.park@knu.ac.kr; | JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS | J MAGNES ALLOY | 2213-9567 | 10 | 12 | SCIE | METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING | 2022 | 17.6 | 0.6 | 1.84 | 2025-06-25 | 23 | 23 | Magnesium; Extrudability; Extrusion limit diagram; Microstructure; Tensile properties | GRAIN-REFINEMENT; HOT DEFORMATION; FLOW-STRESS; MG ALLOY; MAGNESIUM; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; CA; SPEED | Extrudability; Extrusion limit diagram; Magnesium; Microstructure; Tensile properties | Alloy; Corrosion Resistance; Extrusion; Grain; Materials; Microstructure; Processing; Surfaces; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Cracks; Grain size and shape; Magnesium alloys; Microstructure; Tensile strength; AZ91 alloy; Extrudability; Extruded materials; Extrusion limit diagram; Extrusion parameter; Extrusion processing; Ignition resistances; Microstructures and mechanical properties; Processing zones; Ram speed; Extrusion | English | 2022 | 2022-12 | 10.1016/j.jma.2021.06.002 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 | 바로가기 |
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